CD99 Expression and Prognostic Impact in Glioblastoma: A Single-Center Cohort Study.

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor in adults. This study aims to evaluate the expression and prognostic impact of CD99, a membrane glycoprotein involved in cellular migration and invasion. In a cohort of patients with glioblastoma treated with surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide, we retrospectively analyzed tumor expression of CD99 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for both the wild type (CD99wt) and the truncated (CD99sh) isoforms. The impact on overall survival (OS) was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test and by multivariable Cox regression. Forty-six patients with glioblastoma entered this study. Immunohistochemical expression of CD99 was present in 83%. Only the CD99wt isoform was detected by qRT-PCR and was significantly correlated with CD99 expression evaluated by IHC (rho = 0.309, p = 0.037). CD99 expression was not associated with OS, regardless of the assessment methodology used (p = 0.61 for qRT-PCR and p = 0.73 for IHC). In an exploratory analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas, casuistry of glioblastomas CD99 expression was not associated with OS nor with progression-free survival. This study confirms a high expression of CD99 in glioblastoma but does not show any significant impact on survival. Further preclinical studies are needed to define its role as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.

Development and characterization of DIA 12.3, a fully human intact anti-CEACAM1 monoclonal antibody.

Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1), a homotypic cell adhesion molecule glycoprotein with apical expression on normal epithelial cells and activated lymphocytes, is overexpressed on many tumors and acts as an inhibitory receptor on NK cells, preventing their killing of CEACAM1 positive tumors. Production of humanized anti-CEACAM1 antibodies to block the inhibitory activity of CEACAM1 for immunotherapy and immunoimaging. Starting from a scFv, a fully human intact anti-CEACAM1 (DIA 12.3) that recognizes the N-terminal domain of CEACAM1 was developed and shown to bind CEACAM1 positive tumor cells and enhanced NK cell killing of CEACAM1 positive targets. DIA 12.3 bound to human neutrophils without activation, indicating they would be safe for human use. DIA 12.3 exhibited some cross-reactivity to CEACAM5, a tumor marker with high sequence homology to the N-terminal domain of CEACAM1. CEACAM1 PET imaging with 64Cu-COTA-DIA 12.3 showed excellent imaging of CEACAM1 positive tumors with reduced binding to CEACAM5 tumors. Based on its immunoinhibitory an immunoimaging activities, DIA 12.3 shows promise for therapeutic studies in man.