RESUMO
Twenty-seven subjects were exposed to standard Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment or a similar treatment without the explicit cognitive elements found in EMDR. Standardized psychometric assessments were administered (Structured Interview for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Impact of Event Scale, Revised Symptom Checklist-90) by independent assessors at pretest, posttest and two separate follow-up periods. Potential subjects met specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Subjective measures including Subjective Units of Disturbance and Validity of Cognition assessments were also conducted. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that both treatments produced significant symptom reductions and were comparable on all dependent measures across assessment phases. The present findings are discussed in light of previous dismantling research that converges to suggest that several elements in the EMDR protocol may be superfluous in terms of the contribution to treatment outcome. These same elements have nevertheless entered unparsimoniously into consideration as possible explanatory variables.
Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/normas , Dessensibilização Psicológica/normas , Imagens, Psicoterapia/normas , Movimentos Sacádicos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Dessensibilização Psicológica/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Imagens, Psicoterapia/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Forty college students suffering from public speaking anxiety and having experienced a specific traumatic speech-related event were exposed to either a standard EMD protocol with eye movements; a moving audio stimulus in place of the eye movements; a protocol with eyes resting on the hands in place of the eye movement, or a no-treatment control condition. The results revealed that EMD is comparable in limited effectiveness to the other procedures and that the eye movements are not a crucial component of the treatment with this population.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/terapia , Movimentos Oculares , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , PsicoterapiaRESUMO
Three complex cases are presented to document further the broad applicability of eye movement desensitization (EMD) for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the first subject this disorder was combined with panic attacks; in the second, sexual dysfunction was an additional consequence of childhood sexual abuse; and in the third the causative directly resulted in profound impairment of occupational and social function. In all three cases treatment produced rapid resolution of symptoms and functional recovery.
Assuntos
Dessensibilização Psicológica/métodos , Movimentos Oculares , Transtorno de Pânico/terapia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/terapia , Adulto , Criança , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imaginação , Incesto/psicologia , Masculino , Rememoração Mental , Doenças Profissionais/psicologia , Doenças Profissionais/terapia , Transtorno de Pânico/psicologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/psicologia , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/terapia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Twenty-three PTSD subjects were exposed to either: (1) standard eye movement desensitization (EMD), (2) a variant of EMD in which eye movements were engendered through a light tracking task, or (3) a variant of EMD in which fixed visual attention replaced eye movements. All three interventions produced significant positive changes in all dependent measures and these changes were maintained at follow-up. No significant differences between groups were observed. It was concluded that the eye movements peculiar to EMD are not essential to treatment outcome. The implications of the present findings and previous reports are discussed and recommendations for future research provided.
