[Changes in the mucosal pattern of the colon in the early stages of ulcerative and granulomatous colitis (author's transl)]. / Feinreliefveränderungen des Kolons im Frühstadium der Colitis ulcerosa und Colitis granulomatosa.

By paying attention to the detailed relief pattern of the colonic mucosa on double contrast films, it is possible to recognise the early changes due to inflammatory colonic disease. The presence of a granular appearance suggests an early stage of ulcerative colitis; multiple small flecks of contrast, sometimes surrounded by a clear area, indicate aphthous ulcers in an early stage of Crohn's disease.

[Double contrast examination of the stomach. Definition, technic and indications]. / Die Doppelkontrastuntersuchung des Magens. Begriffsbestimmung, Technik, Indikation

Double contrast examination constitutes an important element in radiological gastric examination. The author examines the history of the term "double contrast" and defines the designation of "double contrast examination". The exclusive use of the double contrast method reduces the diagnostic value of gastric X-ray examinations. Thus a method is suggested that will avoid the disadvantages of exclusive double contrast examination while adequately including double contrast in the gastric examination. This is done by using various methods - according to the problem posed - in order to achieve the double contrast.

Effects of fatigue on stabilometer performance and learning of males and females.

The effect of severe physical fatigue on the learning and performance of males and females was compared. The task used in the study was a stabilometer balance task, and fatigue was induced by walking on a treadmill. Thirty male and 30 female subjects were randomly assigned to 2 experimental and 2 control groups. Each subject was pretested, received 20 trials, and was post-tested the following day. The experimental groups were fatigued to a heart rate between 175 and 180 bpm for 5 minutes prior to the first trial and for one minute following every second trial. The control groups were not fatigued. Both time on balance (TOB) and total error (TE) scores were recorded for each trial. The TOB data indicated that fatigue was detrimental to both performance and learning of this dynamic balance task. In addition, the TOB learning data revealed that learning is detrimentally affected by fatigue. Conclusions were that severe fatigue is detrimental to both performance and learning of stabilometer balance and that fatigue has similar effects on balance performance and learning of males and females.

Temporary fatigue effects in a gross motor skill.

75 male college Ss were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups to investigate the comparative effects of initial and initial-plus-interpolated total-body physical fatigue upon learning and performance of a gross motor skill. Each S was tested on the Mirror Target Toss Test before and after the appropriate experimental condition allotted to his group: initial, initial-plus-interpolated, and rest. The data were transformed into learning scores by the percent of possible improvement method and analyzed by a simple analysis of variance. Despite substantial effects on the performance curves, neither initial nor interpolated fatigue had any permanent effect on the acquisition of skill.