RESUMO
Previous publications on treatment of hydrofluoric acid exposures have given insufficient emphasis to immediate skin cleansing and prompt restitution of both serum and tissue calcium ion levels. Use of calcium gluconate topically as a 2.5% gel, in eyes as a 1% solution, and by nebulizer as a 2.5% or 3% solution has improved treatment results. Ten percent calcium gluconate solution may be given intravenously as indicated for hypocalcemia. Proper application of the calcium gluconate gel immediately after thorough washing of localized skin burns will produce relief of pain similar to that achieved by subcutaneous infiltration of 5% calcium gluconate solution. This may be used as an end-point for adequacy of treatment.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trabalho , Queimaduras Químicas/terapia , Ácido Fluorídrico/efeitos adversos , Doenças Profissionais/terapia , Gluconato de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Queimaduras Oculares/induzido quimicamente , Queimaduras Oculares/terapia , Primeiros Socorros , Gases , Humanos , Irrigação TerapêuticaRESUMO
Chemical cyanosis is an oxygen transport deficiency produced by exposure to aromatic nitro- or animo-compounds. Evaluation of its severity by methemoglobin determinations defines the problem incompletely and is time consuming. Twenty-nine patients were studied over a five-year period by both methemoglobin level using classical laboratory methods and oxygen saturation level, using a reflection oximeter. The two results were found to bear an inverse linear relationship. Oxygen saturation may be determined easily and rapidly by the reflection oximeter method, and may be used safely as a guide to treatment of chemical cyanosis. No changes would have been made in medical management of any of the patients if the decisions had been made on the basis of the oxygen saturation level of less than 90% rather than the methemoglobin percentage of 10% or more.
