Frequent Occurrence of Alzheimer Disease in Patients With IgE-mediated Allergies.

Alzheimer disease and allergic diseases are common health problems. The aim of the study was to check the hypothesis that older patients with IgE-mediated allergies have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer disease. It was a retrospective, multicenter cohort observation. In total, 7129 people were examined, including 3566 women and 2558 men (mean 64.9±6.9 y). The diagnosis of Alzheimer disease is based on the ICD-10 code and appropriate medical documentation. The proportion of patients with confirmed Alzheimer disease in the group of patients with diagnosed allergy compared to the group of those without allergy was as follows: 13.9% (168) versus 8.2% (484) with P=0.001. There was a positive correlation between the presence of Alzheimer disease and high serum total IgE, eosinophilia, and asthma or the presence of atopic polymorphic disease (P<0.05). IgE-dependent allergic diseases, in particular allergic asthma, and the presence of high serum IgE levels may favor the development of Alzheimer disease.

Headache in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system characterized by autoimmune-mediated damage to oligodendrocytes and subsequent myelin destruction. Clinical implications: Clinically, the disease presents with many symptoms, often evolving over time. The insidious onset of MS often manifests with non-specific symptoms (prodromal phase), which may precede a clinical diagnosis by several years. Among them, headache is a prominent early indicator, affecting a significant number of MS patients (50-60%). Results: Headache manifests as migraine or tension-type headache with a clear female predilection (female-male ratio 2-3:1). Additionally, some disease-modifying therapies in MS can also induce headache. For instance, teriflunomide, interferons, ponesimod, alemtuzumab and cladribine are associated with an increased incidence of headache. Conclusions: The present review analyzed the literature data on the relationship between headache and MS to provide clinicians with valuable insights for optimized patient management and the therapeutic decision-making process.