RESUMO
Objective: The main objective of this study is to design a synthetic vaccine from the binder of sperm-1 (BSP1). Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using bioinformatics-related techniques. BSP-1 has been chosen as one of the biomarkers of a ruminant's male fertility. We hypothesize that the BSP1 synthetic vaccines, which contain T-cell epitopes, can produce antibodies more effectively for the development of a sperm fertility detection kit. A sequence of BSP-1 peptides A0A0K1YXR5 from Bubalus bubalis (Domestic water buffalo) origin has been decided to be used to develop the peptide vaccine. Results: In this study, we succeeded in making synthetic vaccines from BSP-1 with a peptide sequence of LPEDSVPDEERVFPFTYRNRKHF. The three-dimensional theoretical prediction analysis of the peptide binding pattern to its ligand, as well as the molecular docking, has also been revealed. Conclusions: A synthetic vaccine from the BSP-1 has been developed in this study with the amino acid sequence LPEDSVPDEERVFPFTYRNRKHF, which is buffer-soluble, and the three-dimensional theoretical prediction analysis of the peptide binding pattern of BSP-1 to its ligand, as well as molecular docking, has also been revealed.
RESUMO
One hundred sixteen rats (Rattus rattus) captured in Indonesia from 2011 to 2012 were investigated for the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV)-specific antibodies and HEV RNA. Using an ELISA based on HEV genotype 4 with an ad hoc cutoff value of 0.500, 18.1 % of the rats tested positive for anti-HEV IgG. By nested RT-PCR, 14.7 % of the rats had rat HEV RNA, and none were positive for HEV genotype 1-4. A high HEV prevalence among rats was associated with lower sanitary conditions in areas with a high population density. Sixteen of the 17 HEV isolates obtained from infected rats showed >93.0 % nucleotide sequence identity within the 840-nucleotide ORF1-ORF2 sequence and were most closely related to a Vietnamese strain (85.9-87.9 % identity), while the remaining isolate differed from known rat HEV strains by 18.8-23.3 % and may belong to a novel lineage of rat HEV. These results suggest a wide distribution of rat HEV with divergent genomes.