RESUMO
Herpesviruses are highly prevalent in the human population, and frequent reactivations occur throughout life. Despite antiviral drugs against herpetic infections, the increasing appearance of drug-resistant viral strains and their adverse effects prompt the research of novel antiherpetic drugs for treating lesions. Peptides obtained from natural sources have recently become of particular interest for antiviral therapy applications. In this work, we investigated the antiviral activity of the peptide A-3302-B, isolated from a marine bacterium, Micromonospora sp., strain MAG 9-7, against herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2, and human cytomegalovirus. Results showed that the peptide exerted a specific inhibitory activity against HSV-2 with an EC50 value of 14 µM. Specific antiviral assays were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of A-3302-B. We demonstrated that the peptide did not affect the expression of viral proteins, but it inhibited the late events of the HSV-2 replicative cycle. In detail, it reduced the cell-to-cell virus spread and the transmission of the extracellular free virus by preventing the egress of HSV-2 progeny from the infected cells. The dual antiviral and previously reported anti-inflammatory activities of A-3302-B, and its effect against an acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 strain are attractive features for developing a therapeutic to reduce the transmission of HSV-2 infections.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Herpesvirus Humano 2/fisiologia , Micromonospora/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Animais , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Chlorocebus aethiops , Citomegalovirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Citomegalovirus/fisiologia , Prepúcio do Pênis/citologia , Prepúcio do Pênis/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Células Vero , Liberação de Vírus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
An aerobic, Gram-stain-positive actinomycete, designated strain 3SM4-07T, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain produced branching mycelium which fragmented into short or elongated rods. The whole-cell hydrolysates contained ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with glucose and ribose as the main sugars. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15ââ:ââ0, iso-C15ââ:ââ0 and iso-C16ââ:ââ0.The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). Phospholipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. Mycolic acids were absent. The DNA G+C content was 72.3âmol%. Strain 3SM4-07T formed a phylogenetic line within the genus Jiangella and its 16S rRNA gene sequence was related most closely to Jiangella alkaliphila D8-87T (99.0% similarity), Jiangella muralis 15-Je-017T (98.8%), Jiangella alba YIM 61503T (98.6%) and Jiangella gansuensis YIM 002T (98.6%). However, mean DNA-DNA hybridization values revealed that strain 3SM4-07T differed from the closest species previously described in this genus. Data from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular analyses between strain 3SM4-07T and recognized species of the genus Jiangella indicate that strain 3SM4-07T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Jiangella, for which the name Jiangella mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3SM4-07T ( = BCC 60398T = NBRC 109648T).
Assuntos
Actinomycetales/classificação , Avicennia/microbiologia , Filogenia , Microbiologia do Solo , Actinomycetales/genética , Actinomycetales/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Ácido Diaminopimélico/química , Ácidos Graxos/química , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Tailândia , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/químicaRESUMO
Bacterial strain HV38(T) was isolated from mangrove soil, which was collected from Thailand. Chemotaxonomic and morphological characteristics were found to be typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. The strain was found to form a distinct phyletic line in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree and to be closely associated with the type strains of Streptomyces coeruleofuscus CGMCC 4.1667(T) (98.84 % sequence similarity), Streptomyces chromofuscus CGMCC 4.1451(T) (98.63 %) and Streptomyces albidoflavus CGMCC 4.1291(T) (98.56 %). The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H10). Its major cellular fatty acids were found to be iso-C14:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:1ω8c, C16:0, anteiso-C16:1ω8c, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C16:0. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain HV38(T) with S. coeruleofuscus CGMCC 4.1667(T), S. chromofuscus CGMCC 4.1451(T) and S. albidoflavus CGMCC 4.1291(T) were 32.7 ± 0.9, 21.8 ± 0.3 and 19.9 ± 0.9 %, respectively, which clearly supported the conclusion that they belong to separate genomic species. Cumulatively, the data indicated that strain HV38(T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces ferrugineus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HV38(T) (=CCTCC AA2014009(T )= DSM 42152(T)).
