RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Many studies evaluated magnification endoscopy (ME) to correlate changes on the gastric mucosal surface with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. However, few studies validated these concepts with high-definition endoscopy without ME. AIM: To access the association between mucosal surface pattern under near focus technology and H. pylori infection status in a western population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including all patients referred to routine upper endoscopy. Endoscopic exams were performed using standard high definition (S-HD) followed by near focus (NF-HD) examination. Presence of erythema, erosion, atrophy, and nodularity were recorded during S-HD, and surface mucosal pattern was classified using NF-HD in the gastric body. Biopsies were taken for rapid urease test and histology. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-seven patients were analyzed from August to November 2019. Of those, 47 (25.1%) were H. pylori+, and 42 (22.5%) had a previous H. pylori treatment. In the examination with S-HD, erythema had the best sensitivity for H. pylori detection (80.9%). Exudate (99.3%), nodularity (97.1%), and atrophy (95.7%) demonstrated better specificity values, but with low sensitivity (6.4%-19.1%). On the other hand, the absence of erythema was strongly associated with H. pylori- (negative predictive value = 92%). With NF-HD, 56.2% of patients presented type 1 pattern (regular arrangement of collecting venules, RAC), and only 5.7% of RAC+ patients were H. pylori+. The loss of RAC presented 87.2% sensitivity for H. pylori detection, 70.7% specificity, 50% positive predictive value, and 94.3% negative predictive value, indicating that loss of RAC was suboptimal to confirm H. pylori infection, but when RAC was seen, H. pylori infection was unlikely. CONCLUSION: The presence of RAC at the NF-HD exam and the absence of erythema at S-HD were highly predictive of H. pylori negative status. On the other hand, the loss of RAC had a suboptimal correlation with the presence of H. pylori.
RESUMO
Objetivos: Analisar em preparados em base líquida a percentagem de diagnósticos de Candida sp., diferenciar e analisar a prevalência das espécies em relação à faixa etária das pacientes e verificar se há relação entre elas. Método: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo de 174 amostras com diagnóstico de Candida sp. em material de citologia cérvico-vaginal colhidas em base líquida. Foi analisada a eficácia na detecção de Candida sp. através do método de citologia, dentre 5543 amostras realizadas. Resultados: Houve na amostra 176 (3,2%) diagnósticos de Candida sp., das 174 amostras 159 (91,4%) corresponderam a Candida albicans, 8 (4,6%) o Geotrichum candidum e 7 (4%) a Candida glabrata. Conclusão: A citologia detectou 3,2% de Candida sp, foi possível diagnosticar as espécies de Cândida em todos os casos estudados observando-se predomínio da Candida albicans (91,4%). Não houve relação entre a espécie de Candida sp. e a faixa etária das pacientes
Objectives: Annalise how prevalent each Candida sp. species is in different age groups and if there is any relation between age group and Candida sp. species. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal analysis of 174 liquid base exams with diagnosis of Candida sp. At the same time, the efficiency of liquid base method was evaluated, considering 5543 exams. Results: 176 (3,2%) cases of the total were diagnosed as Candida sp. It was possible to recognize Candida sp. species in Papanicolaou. In this study, a total of 174 liquid based smears were evaluated, 159 (91,4%) of this total were Candida albicans, 8 (4,6%) were diagnosed as Geotrichum candidum and 7 (4%) were Candida glabrata. Conclusion: The cytology detected 3,2% of Candida sp., it was also possible to differ Candida sp. species in all cases, observing a prevalence of Candida albicans (91,4%). It was not possible to relate Candida sp. species to patients' age group
RESUMO
Objetivos: Analisar em preparados em base líquida a percentagem de diagnósticos de Candida sp., diferenciar e analisar a prevalência das espécies em relação à faixa etária das pacientes e verificar se há relação entre elas. Método: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo de 174 amostras com diagnóstico de Candida sp. em material de citologia cérvico-vaginal colhidas em base líquida. Foi analisada a eficácia na detecção de Candida sp. através do método de citologia, dentre 5543 amostras realizadas. Resultados: Houve na amostra 176 (3,2%) diagnósticos de Candida sp., das 174 amostras 159 (91,4%) corresponderam a Candida albicans, 8 (4,6%) o Geotrichum candidum e 7 (4%) a Candida glabrata. Conclusão: A citologia detectou 3,2% de Candida sp, foi possível diagnosticar as espécies de Cândida em todos os casos estudados observando-se predomínio da Candida albicans (91,4%). Não houve relação entre a espécie de Candida sp. e a faixa etária das pacientes
Objectives: Annalise how prevalent each Candida sp. species is in different age groups and if there is any relation between age group and Candida sp. species. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal analysis of 174 liquid base exams with diagnosis of Candida sp. At the same time, the efficiency of liquid base method was evaluated, considering 5543 exams. Results: 176 (3,2%) cases of the total were diagnosed as Candida sp. It was possible to recognize Candida sp. species in Papanicolaou. In this study, a total of 174 liquid based smears were evaluated, 159 (91,4%) of this total were Candida albicans, 8 (4,6%) were diagnosed as Geotrichum candidum and 7 (4%) were Candida glabrata. Conclusion: The cytology detected 3,2% of Candida sp., it was also possible to differ Candida sp. species in all cases, observing a prevalence of Candida albicans (91,4%). It was not possible to relate Candida sp. species to patients' age group
