RESUMO
Within cardiology the field of sports cardiology has gradually increased in importance over the past 10 years. This is mainly due to the fact that the spectrum of issues relating to physical training in prevention and secondary prevention has expanded beyond classical cardiovascular rehabilitation. This spectrum affects above all adolescents and young adults with a manifest cardiac disease who want to continue being physically active and, in some cases strive for leisure and competitive sports. In addition, the group of patients with cardiac diseases who are still striving for top athletic performance even in old age and are looking for advice is continuously growing. In these cases, it is a matter of recommending physical training as a therapy strategy but also to protect the cardiovascular system. Dedicated recommendations for physical training must therefore also take individual aspects into consideration. In addition, the recommendation for the clearance for competitive sports is addressed in ambitious leisure and competitive sports. Patients ask about sport and training recommendations with cardiovascular risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, pathologies of the coronary arteries in the sense of a malformed outlet of coronary arteries, muscle bridges or coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathies and myocarditis as well as arrhythmia and cardiac valvular defects. This article discusses these diseases with the corresponding sport cardiological specific aspects and recommendations for physical training and competitive sports are given for each case.
