Oral manifestations and injuries related to covid- 19: an experience report on the role of hospital dentistry / Manifestações orais e lesões relacionadas à covid-19: um relatório de experiência sobre o papel da odontologia hospitalar / Manifestaciones orales y lesiones relacionadas con covid- 19: un informe de experiencia sobre el papel de la odontología hospitalaria

SARS-COV-2 is transmitted among human beings by saliva droplets that come in direct contact with the oral cavity, nose, and eyes. Since the mouth is one of the anatomical sites primarily contaminated, oral manifestations have also been reported beyond the serious consequences inherent to progressive respiratory failure. This study aimed to identify oral manifestations possibly related to the infection by COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. A prospective study was carried out with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the period between March and June 2021, admitted to the Moderate COVID-19 Care Unit of the Hans Dieter Schmidt Regional Hospital, by applying a form and performing a clinical exam of the oral cavity. Out of all patients (n=45), 33.3% reported both olfactory (anosmia) and taste dysfunction (dysgeusia), with an average duration of 5.9 ±3.0 days. Regarding other oral manifestations evaluated, two patients reported dry and burning mouth and one patient reported a change in taste associated with plaque-like changes in the tongue. No patients presented ulcers or other lesions in the oral cavity. Olfactory and taste dysfunction were symptoms recognized of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, the association with other oral manifestations is still controversy. Unfortunately, dentistry professionals are still not part of most teams in the hospital environment, mostly because of the lack of prioritization of dental care. Working with a multidisciplinary team may avoid possible systemic complications due to poor dental care.

Sars-COV-2 é transmitida entre os seres humanos por gotículas de saliva que entram em contato direto com a cavidade oral, nariz e olhos. Uma vez que a boca é um dos sítios anatômicos principalmente contaminados, as manifestações orais também foram relatadas para além das graves consequências inerentes à insuficiência respiratória progressiva. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar manifestações orais possivelmente relacionadas à infecção por Covid-19 em pacientes hospitalizados. Foi realizado um estudo prospetivo com pacientes diagnosticados com Covid-19 no período entre março e junho de 2021, internados na Unidade de Atendimento Moderado contra a Covid-19 do Hospital Regional Hans Dieter Schmidt, aplicando um formulário e realizando um exame clínico da cavidade oral. De todos os pacientes (n=45), 33,3% relataram disfunção olfativa (anosmia) e gustativa (disgeusia), com duração média de 5,9 ±3,0 dias. Em relação a outras manifestações orais avaliadas, dois pacientes relataram boca seca e ardente e um paciente relatou alteração no paladar associada a alterações semelhantes a placas na língua. Nenhum paciente apresentou úlceras ou outras lesões na cavidade oral. Disfunção olfativa e gustativa foram sintomas reconhecidos do novo coronavírus (Covid-19). No entanto, a associação com outras manifestações orais ainda é controversa. Infelizmente, os profissionais de odontologia ainda não fazem parte da maioria das equipes do ambiente hospitalar, principalmente por causa da falta de priorização dos cuidados odontológicos. Trabalhar com uma equipe multidisciplinar pode evitar possíveis complicações sistêmicas devido a cuidados odontológicos deficientes.

SARS-COV-2 se transmite entre los seres humanos por las gotitas de saliva que entran en contacto directo con la cavidad oral, la nariz y los ojos. Dado que la boca es uno de los sitios anatómicos principalmente contaminados, también se han informado manifestaciones orales más allá de las consecuencias graves inherentes a la insuficiencia respiratoria progresiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las manifestaciones bucales posiblemente relacionadas con la infección por COVID-19 en pacientes hospitalizados. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo con pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19 en el periodo comprendido entre marzo y junio de 2021, ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Moderados de COVID-19 del Hospital Regional Hans Dieter Schmidt, mediante la aplicación de un formulario y la realización de un examen clínico de la cavidad oral. De todos los pacientes (n=45), el 33,3% notificó tanto disfunción olfativa (anosmia) como gustativa (disgeusia), con una duración media de 5,9 ±3,0 días. En cuanto a las demás manifestaciones orales evaluadas, dos pacientes notificaron sequedad y ardor de boca y un paciente notificó un cambio en el gusto asociado a cambios en la lengua en forma de placa. Ningún paciente presentó úlceras u otras lesiones en la cavidad oral. La disfunción olfativa y gustativa fueron síntomas reconocidos de la nueva enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). Sin embargo, la asociación con otras manifestaciones orales es aún controvertida. Desafortunadamente, los profesionales de la odontología todavía no son parte de la mayoría de los equipos en el entorno hospitalario, principalmente debido a la falta de priorización de la atención odontológica. Trabajar con un equipo multidisciplinario puede evitar posibles complicaciones sistémicas debido a la mala atención dental.

Evaluation of TP53 Gene Expression in Patients with Childhood Cancer in Northeast Santa Catarina, Brazil

ABSTRACT Introduction In Brazil, 8,000 new cases of childhood cancer are estimated each year, whose causes are still little known, although some have genetically determined factors. Approximately 70% of human cancers have alterations in the TP53 gene, which encodes the protein responsible for inhibiting the disordered growth of cells exposed to injuries. However, the frequency of alterations in the expression of TP53 in childhood cancers in Brazil remains poorly known. Objective To evaluate the expression of TP53 gene in patients with childhood cancer in northeastern of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, 282 patients diagnosed with cancer between 2005 and 2015 in Joinville were included. TP53 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a score based on the intensity and percentage of stained cells. Results The p53 protein was positive in 25.2% of cases, with no difference between sexes. Considering the five main groups of tumors in the sample, the expression was positive in 31.8%, 27.3%, 20%, 17.2% and 5.9% of lymphomas, nephroblastomas, neuroblastomas, tumors of the Central Nervous System and leukemias, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of TP53 expression was evaluated in different childhood cancers in the northeastern of Santa Catarina. Positivity was higher among lymphomas and lower in leukemias, but with no significant difference among the five most frequent tumors. Further studies that allow correlation with aggressiveness and disease evolution are required.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer in a Pediatric Patient-Case Report.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive mucocutaneous ulcer is a rare entity in the spectrum of lymphoproliferative diseases associated with the EBV. It occurs typically in patients with immunosuppression associated with immunosenescence, as well as due to iatrogenic causes, posttransplant patients and primary immunodeficiency disorders. It is often a benign and self-limited disease that recedes by stopping or reducing the immunosuppressive agents in most of the cases. Histologically, it is characterized by a population of EBV-positive atypical lymphoid cells. Here, we present a rare case of a 5-month-old pediatric patient, born preterm at 24 weeks of gestational age, presenting a lump on the right shoulder, later evolving to EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcer.

Accuracy of Intraoperative Examination in Central Nervous System Lesions: A Study of 133 Cases.

OBJECTIVE: Intraoperative examination is a highly valuable tool for the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) lesions, helping the neurosurgeon to determine the best surgical management. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and to analyze the diagnostic disagreements and pitfalls of the intraoperative examinations through correlation with the final histopathological diagnosis in CNS lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of intraoperative examination of CNS lesions and their final diagnosis obtained during 16 consecutive years. All diagnoses were reviewed and classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) grading for CNS tumors. Squash was performed in 119 cases, while frozen section and both methods were done in 7 cases each. RESULTS: Among the 133 intraoperative examinations considered, 114 (85.7%) presented concordance and 19 (14.3%) diagnostic disagreement when compared with subsequent histopathological examinations. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of neoplasia in intraoperative examination was 98 and 94%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 99 and 88%, respectively. The accuracy for neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease was 85.7%. Disagreements were more frequent among low-grade (WHO grades I and II) neoplasms and nonmalignant cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed good accuracy of the intraoperative assessments for diagnosis of CNS lesions, particularly in high-grade (grades III and IV) lesions and metastatic neoplasms.

Investigation of correlation between cytological and histological findings in suspected carcinoma of thyroid / Investigação da correlação entre achados citológicos e histológicos na suspeita de carcinoma da tireoide

ABSTRACT Introduction: The thyroid cytopathologic classification based on The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) standardized results derived from fine-needle aspiration (FNA). It has facilitated communication among clinicians, seems to reduce the number of unnecessary thyroidectomies and also improves the quality of malignancy detection. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between cytopathological samples classified according to TBSRTC and their histological finding after specimen examination following surgical procedure. Methods: Cytopathological samples classified according to TBSRTC were correlated with the respective anatomopathological finding after thyroidectomy. There were retrospectively included all cases of thyroidectomy with previous FNA in the same lateral position of the organ that occurred within two years. Results: The 200 cases of thyroid FNA analyzed were distributed in 25 nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory cases (I; 12.5%), 45 benign cases (II; 22.5%), 48 atypia or follicular lesions of undetermined significance [(AUS/FLUS), III; 24%], 23 suspected cases for follicular neoplasia or follicular neoplasias [(SFN/FN), IV; 11.5%], 40 cases suspected for malignancy (V; 20%), and 19 malignant cases (VI; 9.5%). The malignancy rates observed for categories I to VI were 12%, 13.3%, 29.2%, 43.5%, 85%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of Bethesda II category was lower than predicted by TBSRTC (60%-70%), as well as Bethesda III was higher than recommended (7%). Nevertheless, the corresponding malignancy rates were within the expected ranges.

RESUMO Introdução: A classificação citopatológica tireoidiana com base no Sistema de Bethesda para Relatos de Citopatologia da Tireoide (SBRCT) padronizou os resultados provenientes de punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF). Seu uso tem facilitado a comunicação entre clínicos, parece reduzir o número de tireoidectomias não necessárias e também melhora a qualidade na detecção de malignidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre amostras citopatológicas classificadas de acordo com o SBRCT e seu achado histológico após análise da amostra pós procedimentos cirúrgico. Métodos: Amostras citopatológicas classificadas de acordo com Sistema de Bethesda foram correlacionadas com o achado anatomopatológico respectivo após tireoidectomia. Foram incluídos todos os casos de tireoidectomia com PAAF anterior, na mesma lateralidade do órgão, ocorridos no período de dois anos. Resultados: Os 200 casos de PAAF de tireoide analisados foram distribuídos em 25 casos não diagnósticos ou insatisfatórios (I; 12,5%), 45 casos benignos (II; 22,5%), 48 atipias ou lesões foliculares de significado indeterminado [(AUS/FLUS), III, 24%], 23 casos suspeitos para neoplasia folicular ou neoplasias foliculares [(SFN/FN), IV; 11,5%), 40 casos suspeitos para malignidade (V; 20%) e 19 casos malignos (VI; 9,5%). As taxas de malignidade observadas para as categorias I a VI foram 12%, 13,3%, 29,2%, 43,5%, 85% e 100%, respectivamente. Conclusão: A prevalência da categoria II de Bethesda foi menor do que a recomendada pelo SBRCT (60%-70%), bem como a categoria III, a qual foi maior do que a recomendada (7%), porém os índices correspondentes de malignidade encontraram-se dentro das variações esperadas.

Evaluation of expression of genes CADM1, TWIST1 and CDH1 by immunohistochemestry in melanocytic lesions.

AIM: Malignant melanoma is an aggressive disease and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental factors, especially sunlight, are risk factors. Histopathologic distinction between nevi and melanomas can be difficult. It is anticipated that the evaluation of the immunohistochemical expression of some genes could contribute to the differential diagnosis of questionable histologically lesions. The objective of this study was to investigate wether the evaluation of the immunohistochemical expression of genes CADM1, TWIST1 and CDH1 (E-cadherin), that take part in mechanisms of cell adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributes to the differential diagnosis of melanocytic lesions difficult to diagnose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study based on immunohistochemistry analysis of samples of 30 dysplastic compound melanocytic nevi, 30 melanomas less than 1.0mm thick and 30 melanomas more than 1.0mm thick, diagnosed between 2013 and 2016. A score was used to evaluate color intensity and percentage of cells stained. RESULT: There were significant reductions in the expression of the genes CADM1 and CDH1 in melanomas (below and above 1.00mm of thickness) and in melanomas more than 1.0mm thick, respectively, compared to dysplastic compund melanocytic nevi. There was also lower expression of the genes CADM1 and CDH1 in melanomas greater than 1.0mm thick compared to melanomas less than 1.0mm. The gene TWIST1 showed no significant difference in expression between groups. CONCLUSION: These findings allow us to conclude that the immunohistochemical expression of CADM1 has the potential to contribute as an auxiliary tool to the differential diagnosis between nevi and melanomas.

Pemphigus vulgaris of the cervix: diagnostic difficulties associated with the Pap test.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare mucocutaneous disease caused by the abnormal production of antibodies against epithelial cell surface glycoproteins, resulting in loss of cell adhesion and intraepithelial blister formation. Cervical involvement in PV has been poorly reported, and there is little information regarding the criteria about consequential cytological changes identified in a Papanicolaou-stained cervicovaginal smear (Pap smear). Here, we report a case of PV manifesting in the cervix as well as the difficulty associated with the cytomorphological identification and interpretation of acantholytic cells. This case involved a 40-year-old patient with no history of Pap test abnormalities and no prior diagnosis of PV. In the cytological assessment, cells were identified both in isolation and in clusters that exhibited round nuclei of increased volume, inconspicuous nucleoli, and perinuclear halos. The patient underwent a cervical biopsy that revealed vesiculobullous lesions and morphological pattern consistent with PV. A skin biopsy confirmed this diagnosis. We concluded that knowledge of PV cytomorphology is important because difficulties associated with the identification and interpretation of acantholytic cells might be responsible for false positive diagnoses of cervical neoplasia. However, a suspected diagnosis of PV is possible if the cytological findings are carefully correlated with the clinical data.

Prevalence variation of colpocytological abnormalities in adolescents and adults in the years 2000 and 2010 / Variação da prevalência de anormalidades colpocitológicas em adolescentes e adultas nos anos de 2000 e 2010

Introduction: Cancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and the frequency of precancerous lesions is increasing among adolescents. Objective: To study and compare the frequency of epithelial abnormalities in cervical cytology exams in adolescents and adults. Materials and methods: Retrospective study based on analysis of reports of cytology exams performed in the years 2000 and 2010 in adolescents (12-18 years old) and in adult women. The frequency of cytological alterations was explored, stratifying them into high-grade/carcinoma and low-grade lesions. Results: In 2000, rates of epithelial abnormalities were 3.08% in adolescents and 1.39% in adult females, and were 4.76% and 1.83% in 2010, respectively. The high-grade lesions/carcinomas were more common among adults in both years. Discussion: There was an increase in prevalence of epithelial abnormalities in the last decade, both in adolescents and in adults. Proportionally, the increase was higher among adolescents (6.7%) than in adults (2.2%). However, the rate of high-grade lesions/carcinoma was higher among adult women in the two analyzed years. Conclusion: It was observed that the frequency of cervical epithelial abnormalities was higher among adolescents than adults and increased between 2000 and 2010. .

Introdução: O câncer do colo do útero é o segundo tipo de câncer mais comum entre as mulheres em todo o mundo, e a frequência de lesões pré-neoplásicas vem aumentando entre as adolescentes. Objetivos: Estudar e comparar a frequência de anormalidades epiteliais em exames colpocitológicos em adolescentes e adultas. Materiais e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com base na análise de laudos de exames colpocitológicos realizados nos anos de 2000 e 2010 em adolescentes (12 a 18 anos de idade) e em mulheres adultas. A frequência de alterações citológicas foi explorada, estratificando-as em lesões de alto grau/carcinoma e lesões de baixo grau. Resultados: Em 2000, as taxas de anormalidades epiteliais foram de 3,08% nas adolescentes e de 1,39% nas mulheres adultas; em 2010, de 4,76% e 1,83%, respectivamente. As lesões de alto grau/carcinoma foram mais frequentes entre as adultas em ambos os anos. Discussão: Tanto em adolescentes como em adultas, verificou-se aumento da prevalência de anormalidades epiteliais na última década. Proporcionalmente, o aumento foi maior entre adolescentes (6,7%) do que em adultas (2,2%). No entanto, a taxa de lesões de alto grau/carcinoma foi maior entre as adultas nos dois anos analisados. Conclusão: Observou-se que a frequência de anormalidades epiteliais cervicais é maior em adolescentes do que em adultas, tendo aumentado entre os anos de 2000 e 2010. .