Healthcare Service Quality Evaluated Using the Degree of Satisfaction of Patients in Romanian Community Pharmacies.

Community pharmacy has evolved a lot in recent years in terms of pharmaceutical services and marketing policies applied in Romania. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of patient satisfaction in community pharmacies in Iași, Romania correlated with the frequency of returning to the pharmacy, level of education, gender, and stress level at the time when the pharmacist dispenses the medication. A total of 30 community pharmacies were involved, and in a period of three months, they issued questionnaires to patients. 722 patients responded, and to verify the first research hypothesis, the Pearson correlation was applied. Statistical analysis revealed that there is a negative, medium-level, and significant correlation between the level of satisfaction with pharmaceutical services and the frequency of visits to the pharmacy, r = -0.342, p < 0.0001. There is also a significant, negative correlation of low intensity between the level of satisfaction with pharmaceutical services and patient status, r = -0.202, p < 0.0001. The degree of patient satisfaction is influenced by the quality of the basic pharmaceutical service offered, by the frequency of visits to the pharmacy, by the level of stress, and by social class.

Outdoor mm-wave 5G/6G transmission with adaptive analog beamforming and IFoF fronthaul.

Adaptive analog beamforming is a key technology to enable spatial control of millimeter-wave wireless signals radiated from phased array antennas (PAAs) which is essential to maximize the capacity of future mobile networks and to ensure efficient usage of scarce spectrum. Intermediate frequency-over-fiber (IFoF), on the other hand, is a promising technology for the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) mobile fronthaul due to its low complexity, high optical spectral efficiency, and low latency. The combination of IFoF and PAA is key to implement mm-wave mobile communications in a scalable, centralized, efficient, and reliable manner. This work presents, for the first time to the best of the authors' knowledge, an extensive outdoor measurement campaign where an experimental IFoF mm-wave wireless setup is evaluated by using PAAs with adaptive beamforming on the transmitter and receiver sides. The configuration of the experimental setup is according to 5G standards, transmitting signals wirelessly at 27 GHz central frequency in the n258 band. The employed PAAs are composed of 8-by-8 patch antenna arrays, allowing beam steering in the azimuth and elevation angles. Furthermore, different end-user locations, antenna configurations, and wireless scenarios are tested in the outdoor experiment, showing excellent EVM performance and achieving 64-QAM transmission over up to 165.5 m at up to 1.88 Gbit/s. The experimental results enable optimization of the experimental setup for different scenarios and prove the system's reliability in different wireless conditions. In addition, the results of this work prove the viability and potential of IFoF combined with PAA to be part of the future 5G/6G structure.

Sexual Dimorphism in the Buccolingual Dimensions of Permanent Anterior Teeth in the Young Iranian Population.

Objective: Evaluation of sexual dimorphism is a crucial concern for anthropologists, forensic scientists, and archaeologists. Teeth have been used as an alternative tool to determine sex in forensic anthropology. However, it is necessary to use data specific to a particular population, as different populations exhibit varying degrees of sexual dimorphism. This study aimed to determine the sexual dimorphism in the buccolingual dimensions of permanent anterior teeth in the young Iranian population. Materials and methods:A total of 100 students (50 females and 50 males) participated in the current study. A total of 1200 permanent anterior teeth were examined. The buccolingual dimension of all anterior teeth was measured using Vernier Calipers with a calibration of 0.01 mm. Data were analyzed using an independent sample T-test and paired sample T-test, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The mean values of the buccolingual dimension of the maxillary canines on the right and left sides (13, 23) were statistically greater in males than females (P=0.04, P=0.03) and had the greatest percentage of sexual dimorphism (4.08% and 5.26%, respectively). Conclusion:The buccolingual dimension of Iranian canines could be used as a reliable material to identify gender in forensic studies, and the degree of sexual dimorphism varies among different populations. Therefore, it is essential to use the relevant data samples for each population. It was concluded that Europeans had the greatest amount of sexual differences in the anterior teeth, while Iranians had the least amount of sexual dimorphism in the anterior teeth.

Experimentally Induced Burns in Rats Treated with Innovative Polymeric Films Type Therapies.

Considering that microbial resistance to antibiotics is becoming an increasingly widespread problem, burn management, which usually includes the use of topical antimicrobial dressings, is still facing difficulties regarding their efficiency to ensure rapid healing. In this context, the main objective of this research is to include new oxytetracycline derivatives in polymeric-film-type dressings for the treatment of wounds caused by experimentally induced burns in rats. The structural and physico-chemical properties of synthesized oxytetracycline derivatives and the corresponding membranes were analyzed by FT-IR and MS spectroscopy, swelling ability and biodegradation capacity. In vitro antimicrobial activity using Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and pathogenic yeasts, along with an in vivo study of a burn wound model induced in Wistar rats, was also analyzed. The newly obtained polymeric films, namely chitosan-oxytetracycline derivative membranes, showed good antimicrobial activity noticed in the tested strains, a membrane swelling ratio (MSR) of up to 1578% in acidic conditions and a biodegradation rate of up to 15.7% on day 7 of testing, which are important required characteristics for the tissue regeneration process, after the production of a burn. The in vivo study proved that chitosan-derived oxytetracycline membranes showed also improved healing effects which contributes to supporting the idea of using them for the treatment of wounds caused by burns.

Kisspeptin Serum Levels in Patients with Endometriosis, New Research Pathways Regarding Female Infertility.

Introduction:Endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, therefore leading to a chronic inflammatory reaction, adhesions development, scar tissue and a distorted pelvic female anatomy, most of the times leading to female infertility. Kisspeptin represents a neuropeptide thought to have an essential role in the reproductive functions of both female and male patients. Recently, positive correlations with kisspeptins were noticed in patients diagnosed with endometriosis. Materials and methods: Our study was performed between January 2021-March 2022 in "Elena Doamna" Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology Iasi, Romania. It was a prospective case-control study and included two groups of patients. Both groups consisted in female patients aged between 18 and 45 years, with a body mass index (BMI) between 18,5-30 kg/m2 and similar medical data. Patients in the study group had primary or secondary infertility and endometriosis, while the control group consisted of women with no reproductive issues who had healthy regular menstruations and at least one child. All patients agreed to participate in our study and signed the consent form. Clinical examination, pelvic ultrasound and hormonal dosages were performed. We tested the levels of LH, FSH, kisspeptin, estradiol, prolactin, testosterone, insulin and the glycemic levels in both groups during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. Results: We managed to enroll eight patients with endometriosis in the study group and an equal number of patients in the control group. There were significant differences between serum kisspeptin levels, but not also between other hormonal dosages. All patients in the study group had medical evidences of endometriomas but none of them had been subjected to laparoscopy. Conclusion:When considering our study, we regarded the first attribution given to kisspeptin, the one of a metastasis suppressor, and concluded that the high serum values of kisspeptin in patients with endometriosis represented a compensatory-adaptive mechanism needed to constrain future spread of endometriomas in early stages of this pathology.

Kisspeptin Variations in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-A Prospective Case Control Study.

Background and objectives: Kisspeptin, also named metastin, showed important roles in initiating the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and is an essential factor in the development of polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS). Several research studies noticed associations between kisspeptin levels and patients with anovulatory cycles due to PCOS with an increased LH/FSH ratio. The aim of our study was to bring scientific evidence regarding the correlation between high kisspeptin and luteinizing hormone values in subfertile women due to PCOS. Materials and Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted in "Elena Doamna" Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology between 4 January 2021 and 1 March 2022. All patients agreed to participate in our study, had ages between 18 and 45 years old, and had a body mass index between 18.5 and 30 kg/m2. The study group consisted of subfertile patients with PCOS and menstrual disturbances, including amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. The control group consisted of healthy patients with ovulatory cycles and no other reproductive or endocrinology pathologies. During the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle, patients had blood samples taken with the dosage of kisspeptin, LH, FSH, estradiol, insulin, glycemic levels, testosterone, and prolactin. Pelvic ultrasounds and clinical examinations were performed as well. Results: Significant differences were observed in kisspeptin, LH, FSH, and estradiol levels between patients with PCOS and the control group. After the univariate analysis, PCOS was significantly associated with increased kisspeptin, increased LH, and decreased FSH. There was no significant association between PCOS, estradiol, prolactin, and insulin. Conclusions: kisspeptin serum values are higher in subfertile PCOS patients, supporting the hypothesis that an over-stimulation of the KISS1 system might cause the hyper-stimulation of the HPG-axis.

Chitosan Microparticles Loaded with New Non-Cytotoxic Isoniazid Derivatives for the Treatment of Tuberculosis: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Lately, in the world of medicine, the use of polymers for the development of innovative therapies seems to be a major concern among researchers. In our case, as a continuation of the research that has been developed so far regarding obtaining new isoniazid (INH) derivatives for tuberculosis treatment, this work aimed to test the ability of the encapsulation method to reduce the toxicity of the drug, isoniazid and its new derivatives. To achieve this goal, the following methods were applied: a structural confirmation of isoniazid derivatives using LC-HRMS/MS; the obtaining of microparticles based on polymeric support; the determination of their loading and biodegradation capacities; in vitro biocompatibility using MTT cell viability assays; and, last but not least, in vivo toxicological screening for the determination of chronic toxicity in laboratory mice, including the performance of a histopathological study and testing for liver enzymes. The results showed a significant reduction in tissue alterations, the disappearance of cell necrosis and microvesicular steatosis areas and lower values of the liver enzymes TGO, TGP and alkaline phosphatase when using encapsulated forms of drugs. In conclusion, the encapsulation of INH and INH derivatives with chitosan had beneficial effects, suggesting a reduction in hepatotoxicity and, therefore, the achievement of the aim of this paper.

Valorization of ß-Chitin Extraction Byproduct from Cuttlefish Bone and Its Application in Food Wastewater Treatment.

The nontoxicity, worldwide availability and low production cost of cuttlefish bone products qualify them an excellent biocoagulant to treat food industry wastewater. In this study, cuttlefish bone liquid waste from the deproteinization step was used as a biocoagulant to treat food industry wastewater. This work concerns a waste that has never before been investigated. The objectives of this work were: the recovery of waste resulting from cuttlefish bone deproteinization, the replacementof chemical coagulants with natural ones to preserve the environment, and the enhancement ofthe value of fishery byproducts. A quantitative characterization of the industrial effluents of a Moroccan food processing plant was performed. The physicochemical properties of the raw cuttlefish bone powder and the deproteinization liquid extract were determined using specific analysis techniques: SEM/EDX, FTIR, XRD and 1H-NMR. The protein content of the deproteinization liquid was determined by OPA fluorescent assay. The zeta potential of the liquid extract was also determined. The obtained analytical results showed that the deproteinization liquid waste contained an adequate amount of soluble chitin fractions that could be used in food wastewater treatment. The effects of the coagulant dose and pH on the food industrial effluents were studied to confirm the effectiveness of the deproteinization liquid extract. Under optimal conditions, the coagulant showed satisfactory results. Process optimization was performed using the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. Thus, the optimal removal efficiencies predicted using this model for turbidity (99.68%), BOD5 (97.76%), and COD (82.92%) were obtained at a dosage of 8 mL biocoagulant in 0.5 L of food processing wastewater at an alkaline pH of 11.

Treatments in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Effects on Kisspeptin Serum Levels.

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common and multifactorial pathology among young women of reproductive age and one of the main causes for female infertility. Most patients are referred to a gynecologist due to specific symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, facial or body acne and inability to obtain a pregnancy. Lately, kisspeptin, a neuropeptide produced in the anterior region of the hypothalamus that seems to modulate the GnRH secretion and therefore the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian axis (HHO-axis), has been considered responsible for PCOS occurrence. Objectives:The aim of our study was to observe the changes in hormonal balances and kisspeptin serum levels in patients with PCOS after treatment with myo-inositol and vitex. Materials and methods:A prospective clinical study was conducted by us, between 4 January 2021 and 1 March 2022, in "Elena Doamna" Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iasi, Romania. After obtaining the subjects' informed consent and agreement to participate, we identified 14 patients with PCOS and primary or secondary infertility, who underwent laboratory investigations during the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles, testing for kisspeptin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, testosterone, insulin, blood sugar levels and prolactin. An abdominal-pelvic scan and full body examination were also performed. Patients, in accordance with their gynecologists' recommendation, preferred a medical therapy consisting of myo-inositol 750 mg/day and vitex 400 mg/day. After three months of treatment, patients agreed to have a second check up to see if any changes occurred. Results:We found significant positive differences when considering kisspeptin, estradiol, FSH and prolactin serum values. There was no significant difference in testosterone and insulin serum levels; on the other hand, we observed an increase in LH serum levels. The mean ovarian volume before treatment was 14.0 for the right ovaries and 13.8 for the left ovaries. After treatment and the recommended lifestyle changes, we noticed a decrease in the mean ovarian volume (13.5 for the right ovaries and 13.4 for the left ovaries). Discussions and conclusions: The etiology of PCOS, which is considered a multifactorial pathology, remains unclear. Multiple studies have been conducted and are still exploring the role of kisspeptin as an etiologic factor for PCOS associated with infertility. Our study showed a decrease in kisspeptin values after the use of myo-inositol and vitex in patients with PCOS, therefore supporting the long-standing theory that kisspeptin might have an essential role in the development of PCOS.

Novel Hybrid Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Functionalization, Characterization, and Their Application in the Uptake of Scandium (III)Ions from Aqueous Media.

The aim of this study was to prepare novel supramolecular hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) that can selectively separate and recover scandium metal ions, Sc(III), from an aqueous phase based on molecular recognition technology (MRT). Moreover, this approach is fully compatible with green chemistry principles. In this work, natural amorphous silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were prepared by a precipitation method from Iraqi rice husk (RH) followed by surface modification with 3-amino-propyl triethoxysilane (APTES) as coupling agent and Kryptofix 2.2.2 (K2.2.2) as polycyclic ligand. To evaluate the potential of the hybrid nanoparticles, the prepared HNPs were used for the solid-liquid extraction of scandium, Sc(III), ions from model solutions due to the fact that K2.2.2 are polycyclic molecules. These polycyclic molecules are able to encapsulate cations according to the corresponding cavity size with the ionic radius of metal by providing a higher protection due their cage-like structures. Moreover, the authors set the objectives to design a high-technology process using these HNPs and to develop a Sc recovery method from the aqueous model solution prior to employing it in industrial applications, e.g., for Sc recovery from red mud leachate. The concentrations of Sc model solutions were investigated using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer technique. Different characterization techniques were used including scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The extraction efficiency of Sc varied from 81.3% to 96.7%. Moreover, the complexed Sc ions were efficiently recovered by HCl with 0.1 mol/L concentration. The stripping ratios of Sc obtained ranged from 93.1% to 97.8%.

EVALUATION OF THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF NEW AZETIDIN-2-ONES OF FERULIC ACID.

AIM: To synthesize some new azetidin-2-ones of ferulic acid and to evaluate them from physicochemical and spectral point of view. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The synthesis was carried out in several steps: (i) obtaining the ferulic acid chloride; (ii) obtaining the ferulic acid hydrazide with hydrazine hydrate (98%); (iii) condensation of ferulic acid hydrazide with different benzaldehydes (2-hydroxy-/2-nitro-/4-chloro-/4- fluoro-/4-bromo-benzaldehyde) in order to obtain the corresponding hydrazones; (iv) cy- clization of ferulic acid hydrazones with chloroacethyl chloride in freshly distilled toluene medium and in the presence of triethylamine, resulting in the corresponding azetidin-2-ones. RESULTS: Six new azetidin-2-ones of ferulic acid were synthesized. They were characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties and their structure was confirmed by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Six new azetidin-2-ones of ferulic acid were synthesized, physicochemically characterized and validated spectrally. A

Assessment of In Vitro Antioxidant activity of Some New Ferulic Acid Derivatives.

Aim: The in vitro antioxidant potential of new thiazolidin-4-one derivatives of ferulic acid was evaluated according to the total antioxidant activity and ferric reducing power assays. Material and Methods: The ferric reducing power assay was based on the reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide, which form in the presence of ferric chloride a Perl Prussian blue color complex. The total antioxidant activity assay was assessed using phosphomolybdenum method. The results were expressed as effective concentration (EC50) values and ascorbic acid was used as positive control. All determinations were performed in triplicate. Results: It was found that the activity of the tested compounds is influenced by the substituents on phenyl ring of the thiazolidine-4-one moiety. The most active compound was 1i, which contains 2,3-diOH as substituent on phenyl ring. Conclusions: A total of 10 new thiazolidin-4-one derivatives of ferulic acid were investigated for their in vitro antioxidant activity. The most active compound 1i (R=2,3-diOH) proved to be about 4 times more active than ferulic acid and comparable to ascorbic acid in both antioxidant assays.

Echinocandins--new antifungal agents.

Over the past 10-15 years, the number of clinically available antifungal agents has increased substantially, due to rise in the number of invasive fungal infections, which are a real problem for specialists. Echinocandins are the new class of antifungal agents available for clinical use. This class comprises over 20 natural echinocandins and several semisynthetic ones. Natural echinocandins are not of clinical utility due to their toxicity and low water-solubility (which does not allow obtaining parenteral pharmaceutical forms), although they have good antifungal activity against Candida species. Consequently, semisynthetic echinocandins with minimal toxicity, good antifungal activity and high water-solubility were obtained. All echinocandins inhibit beta-1,3-glucan-synthase, an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Echinocandins exhibit potent antifungal activity against key pathogenic fungi, including Candida species, Aspergillus species and Pneumocystis carinii. The available echinocandins lack in vitro activity against Cryptococcus neoformans. The semisynthetic echinocandins have great advantages, among which low toxicity, fast antifungal activity, favorable pharmacokinetics that allow once-daily administration. The echinocandins recently available for clinical use are: caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin.

Possibilities to acylate 7-aminocephalosporanic acid to obtain some cephalosporins.

AIM: Acylation of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid with an adequate acyl chloride in order to obtain cefotaxime sodium salt. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cefotaxime sodium salt was synthesized by acylating 7-amino cephalosporanic acid with 2-[2'-chloracetamidothiazole-4-yl]-2-(syn)-methoxy-imino acetic chloride in four steps. The melting point was determined, and IR spectral analysis and elemental analysis were performed to confirm cefotaxime structure. The quantitative determination was performed. RESULTS: The reaction conditions were established. The yield of the synthesis phases (73-80%) and actual yield (45-47%) were very good. The structure of the obtained cefotaxime sodium salt was confirmed by the IR spectral analysis and by elemental analysis (C, H, N). The melting point was 163 degrees C. The purity of the synthesized cefotaxime sodium salt was 98.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Cefotaxime sodium salt was synthesized by acylation of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid with 2-[2'-chloracetamidothiazole-4-yl]-2-(syn)-methoxy-imino acetic chloride, in aqueous solution, then transformed into sodium salt with sodium 2-ethylhexanoate. The method proved to be very good, yields were good, it is reproducible and simple, and does not involve high risks, so it is also safe.

New hydrazones of ferulic acid: synthesis, characterization and biological activity.

UNLABELLED: The ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid) is a phenolic compound with important antioxidant effects and which nowadays is being extensively studied for his potential indications in inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc. AIM: The synthesis of new ferulic acid compounds with potential antioxidant activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The synthesis of the designed compounds was performed in several steps: (i) the obtaining of ferulic acid chloride by reacting of ferulic acid with thionyl chloride; (ii) the reaction between the ferulic acid chloride and hydrazine hydrate 98% to obtain the ferulic acid hydrazide; (iii) the condensation of ferrulic acid hydrazide with various benzaldehydes (2-hydroxy/3-hydroxy/4-hydroxy/2-nitro/3-nitro/4-nitro/2-methoxi/ 4-chloro/4-fluoro/4-bromo-benzaldehyde) resulting the correspond- ing hydrazones. RESULTS: The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and the evaluation of antioxidant potential was achieved by determining the total antioxidant capacity and reducing power. CONCLUSIONS: In this study new hydrazones of ferulic acid have been synthesized, physic-chemical and spectral characterized. The evaluation of antioxidant potential using in vitro methods showed the favorable influence of the structural modulation on the antioxidant effects of ferulic acid.

Development and validation of a spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of new preservatives from pharmaceutical forms.

AIM: A spectrophotometric UV-VIS fast, sensitive and simple method was developed for quantitative determination of two new antimicrobial preservatives (oxi-acetyl-mandelic acid and oxi-propionyl mandelic acid) and validated according to validation quides. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The absorption spectra were recorded at 200-400 nm, and the absorbances were measured at 256 nm for oxi-acetyl mandelic acid and 258 nm for oxipropionyl mandelic acid. Optimum working conditions were established and the method was validated. The developed and validated method was applied to determine these two preservatives from ointments, in which the preservatives were incorporated. RESULTS: The method has a good linearity in the concentration range 0.1-1.5 mg/ml (for oxi-acetyl mandelic acid) and 0.1-1 mg/ml (for oxi-propionyl mandelic acid). The RSD for the precision of the method was 0.96328 for oxiacetyl mandelic acid and 0.797612 for oxi-propionyl mandelic acid. The relative standard deviation was 0.726367% for oxi-acetyl mandelic acid and 0.726234% for oxipropionyl mandelic acid. In the ointment samples, the concentration of oxi-acetyl mandelic acid and oxi-propionyl mandelic acid were within the limits specified by pharmacopoeia for ointments. CONCLUSIONS: The developed and validated spectrophotometric method, for the determination of oxi-acetyl mandelic acid and oxi-propionyl mandelic acid is simple, easy to perform, fast and cost effective.

[Research for the improvement of acylation conditions in antistaphylococcal penicillin synthesis]. / Cercetari privind îmbunatatirea conditiilor de acilare în cazul obtinerii penicilinelor antistafilococice.

AIM: The 6-aminopenicillanic acid acylation with certain acyl chlorides was performed in order to obtain antistaphylococcal penicillins with bigger crystals, easy to filtrate (shorter filtration time), much pure, and an increased output. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Oxacillin sodium salt was synthesized by acylating an aqueous solution of 6-aminopenicillanic acid sodium salt (NaHCO3 not in excess) with an ethylacetate solution of 5-phenyl-3-methyl-isoxazolyl-4-carboxilic acid chloride. The crystallization was performed with a 40.5% sodium 2-ethyl hexanoate izopropanolic solution. All tests (IR spectrum, iodometric titration, and microbiological dosage) were performed according to the Xth Romanian Pharmacopoeia standards. RESULTS: The amount of synthesized oxacillin was higher and the output of 88,21%. Oxacillin had a high chemical purity (98,72%), and a very good microbiological activity (95% of the standard activity). CONCLUSIONS: Oxacillin crystals were bigger, the filtration speed was increased, and process efficacy improved. The output of the process was also improved being higher than with classical acylation.

[Erythromycin ethylsuccinate obtaining possibilities]. / Posibilitati de obtinere a etil-succinatului de eritromicina.

UNLABELLED: In this study we tried to improve the erythromycin ethylsuccinate obtaining, having in view to separate the erythromycin ester by crystallization in water. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The erythromycin acylation and the erythromycin ethylsuccinate crystallization were realized, following the next steps: 1. the acylation of the erythromycin with a methylene chloride solution of monoethylsuccinyl chloride, at 25-28 degrees C for 3 hours in the presence of NaHCO3; 2. the transfer of the erythromycin ethylsuccinate from methylene chloride solution in acetone solution by distillation of mixture methylene chloride: acetone 1:1 at 25-28 degrees C; 3. erythromycin ethylsuccinate separation by crystallization in water at pH = 8-8.5 and 5 degrees C for 90 minutes. The quality control for the erythromycin ester was performed according to the Xth edition of Romanian Pharmacopoeia standards using national standard for erythromycin ethylsuccinate and national standard for erythromycin with an activity of 1: 937 U and 2.02% humidity. The Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 was used as a test microorganism and a thin layer cromatography was performed for qualitative control. RESULTS: 13.1 g of erythromycin ethylsuccinate were obtained with an output of the process of 82.02%. Using water for the separation of erythromycin ethylsuccinate the output of the process is greater (82.02%) than in case of using petroleum ether (74.14%) or hexane (80.25%). The thin layer cromatography revealed an Rf = 0.56 and the microbiological activity of the erythromycin ethylsuccinate was 98.7% compared with the standard. CONCLUSIONS: Using water instead of hexane or petroleum ether is gainful for the separation of erythromycin ethylsuccinate from the reaction medium. The obtained erythromycin ethylsuccinate corresponds to the Xth edition of Romanian Pharmacopoeia standards. So, the raw materials consumption is decreased, the costs are cut down, the obtained product purity is high and the output of the process is greater.

[New biological active derivatives of indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid. Synthesis, physico-chemical characterisation and structure validation]. / Noi derivati biologic activi ai indometacinului si acidului acetilsalicilic. Sinteza, caracterizarea fizico-chimica si validarea structurii.

It is well known that niflumic acid glycinamide has a good antiinflammatory action useful in gum inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to obtain new glycinamides of acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin, which could have a better antiinflammatory action than niflumic acid glycinamide. The study presents the synthesis, physico-chemical characterisation and structure validation of these glycinamides.

[Comparative study of several sulfurated mineral water sources from Iasi County]. / Studiul comparativ al unor surse de ape minerale sulfuroase din Judetul Iasi.

The comparative study aimed the actualization of the analytical panel of some mineral water sources, sulfurated, iso- and hypertonic (existing in Nicolina area, Iasi county), that is the constant physico-chemical composition, in order to signal the alteration of water's quality. From the performed analysis, along the time and the presented ones, it can be observed than the sources maintain intact, along many decades, the chemical composition and their physical characteristics, and also their therapeutical action, due to the fact they are localised deep underground.