RESUMO
Population with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, i.e. BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, are at higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer as well as other solid tumours such as pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and melanoma. With the increasing experience, screening recommendations and preventive strategies including prophylactic surgery are being settled. Surveillance of women with hereditary breast cancer syndrome comprises clinical breast examination every six months, breast ultrasound and MRI in patients aged 25 to 29 and MRI and mammography in women aged 30 to 65. Screening of pancreatic cancer should be considered in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, who have two cases of pancreatic cancer in their family lineage or one first-degree relative with pancreatic cancer. Prostate cancer screening should be recommended to BRCA2 carriers from the age of 40 onwards and it should be considered in BRCA1 carriers as well. Screening for melanoma should be recommended on an individual basis with regards to a family history.
Assuntos
Síndrome Hereditária de Câncer de Mama e Ovário/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Advances in CT scanners technology and computing in 90s allowed visual reconstruction of hollow organs inner surface. This method which was mainly used for colon wall imaging had to deal with several limitations from the very first years caused by poorly developed methodology of colonic preparation and distension as well as high radiation exposure. DESIGN: Aim of the paper is to provide an overview of technical and methodological innovations that can at least partially overcome above mentioned shortcomings. Due to these changes, CT colonography became the recognized method after incomplete or impossible optical colonography. Specific patient subgroups which particularly benefit from this modality and unresolved role of the CT colonography in colorectal cancer screening are also mentioned. CONCLUSION: CT colonography is a relatively new method that can not completely replace optical colonoscopy. Thanks to advances in technology, however, it became a valid diagnostic tool with certain advantages over other imaging or invasive methods. These benefits can be handed over to a patient when the examination is carefully indicated.
Assuntos
Colonografia Tomográfica Computadorizada/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Incidence and mortality rates of colorectal malignancies in the Czech Republic are one of the highest in the world since over 7,500 patients are diagnosed yearly. About 25% of patients are diagnosed in clinical stage IV and in average more than 50% of patients who are diagnosed initially with resectable disease will relapse sooner or later. Management of palliative treatment of colorectal cancer therefore is becoming of a great importance. OBSERVATION: We designed a study protocol in 2005 and 16 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were treated accordingly in the first line setting with XELIRI regimen (capecitabin, irinotecan) + bevacizumab. The regimen has proven high antitumor effectiveness (78% responses to treatment, median TTP: 12 months, 1-year survival reached 100% of patients) and excellent tolerance. No serious grade G3 or G4 toxicity was observed. Increase of blood pressure was observed sporadically within the group. We present below the case of 55 year old patient who underwent treatment of 4 cycles of XELIRI + bevacizumab and reached complete remission of the disease which lasted over the next 9 months (TTP 13 months). CONCLUSION: Successful choice of a regimen of the first line treatment determines the next course of a disease including duration of patient's overall survival. We have confirmed within our pivotal population that combination treatment XELIRI + bevacizumab is a very effective and well tolerated regimen moreover suitable for administration at outpatient setting.
