[Reorganization of the strain's cellular lipids--degradation of anionic surfactants during "detergent" stress]. / Perestroiki v kletochnikh lipidakh shtamma--destruktora anionnikh PAV pri "detergentnom" stresse.

Changes in the fatty acid composition and ultrastructure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1C strain--a destructor of alkyl sulphates under the effect of the stress evoked by sodium dodecyl-sulphate have been studied. It has been established that the "detergent" stress changes the ratio of the cell fatty acids (FA) towards the increase of their nonsaturation. Ultrastructural changes in the cells are revealed earlier than biochemical ones. Several stages in stress development have been distinguished. The escape from the stress state is performed both at the population level and at the level of individual cells, highly-resistant to dodecyl sulphate.

[Storage of Pseudomonas strains degrading the surfactants]. / Khranenie psevdomonad, razlagaiushchikh poverkhnostno-aktivnye veshchestva.

The survival rate and the destruction activity of Pseudomonas strains decomposing anionic and ampholytic surfactants were studied in the course of their storage for a long period of time. The strains were shown to remain viable and active after being freeze-dried for a year. Therefore, lyophilisation can be recommended as the main method of storage for bacterial strains decomposing the following surfactants: sulfoethoxylate, sulfonate, cyclimide, and amidobetaine.

[Degradation of alkylsulfates by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture immobilized on a polyvinyl alcohol fiber]. / Razrushenie alkilsul'fatov kul'turoi Pseudomonas aeruginosa, immobilizovannoi na polivinilspirtovom volokne.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells capable of destroying alkyl sulfates, anionic surfactants, were immobilised on activated polyvinyl alcohol fibres. The immobilised cells could decompose SDS. When the immobilised cells were used repeatedly, their biomass increased but the activity hardly changed.

[Changes in the ultrastructural organization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells as affected by sodium dodecyl sulfate]. / Izmeneniia v ul'trastrukturnoi organizatsii kletok Pseudomonas aeruginosa pod deistviem dodetsilsul'fata natriia.

The work was aimed at studying the effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, on the fine structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IC cells capable of its destruction and on the fine structure of P. aeruginosa 1C-16 cells which could not cause the degradation of this surfactant.

[Purification and study of the properties of a desulfonating enzyme in Pseudomonas alcaligenes]. / Ochistka i izuchenie svoistv desul'foniruiushchego fermenta Pseudomonas alcaligenes.

An enzyme desulfonating anionic alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) surfactants was isolated from Pseudomonas alcaligenes TR and purified. The physicochemical and catalytic characteristics of the enzyme were studied. The kinetic constants of ABS desulfonation were determined and shown to depend on the length of a hydrocarbon radical. The molecular mass of the enzyme was found to be close to 60,000.

[Bacterial destruction of anionic sulfoethoxylate surfactants]. / Bakterial'naia destruktsiia anionnykh poverkhnostno-aktivnykh sul'foétoksilatov.

A Pseudomonas putida strain G was isolated and its activity in the destruction of sulfoethoxylates (surfactants) was studied as a function of the cultivation conditions. Ultrastructural changes were found in the cells utilizing sulfoethoxylates. Sulfoethoxylates were found to be decomposed by P. putida G via two pathways: (a) desulfation of the molecule and (b) cleavage of the alkyl ester bond. The intermediate products were not toxic and did not pollute the habitat. The strain can be used for microbiological purification of sewage.

[Characteristics of the fatty acid composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells with different degrees of resistance to dodecyl sulfate]. / Osobennosti zhirno-kislotnogo sostava kletok Pseudomonas aeruginosa, razlichaiushchikhsia po ustoichivosti k dodetsilsul'fatu.

The fatty acid composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1C destroying anionic surfactant alkyl sulfates was studied after its cultivation under different conditions which caused different resistance of the cells against sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The content of monounsaturated fatty acids (in particular, octadecenoic acid) increased while the content of cyclopropane fatty acids decreased in cells resistant against SDS.

[Breakdown of alkyl sulfonate by Pseudomonas rathonis]. / Razrushenie alkilsul'fonata Pseudomonas rathonis.

Pseudomonas rathonis T/1 utilizing alkyl sulfonate, an anionic surfactant, as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from the soil taken near a plant producing synthetic detergents. Pseudomonas rathonis T, a more active variant of the above strain, was obtained by selection under the conditions of continuous cultivation. As was shown by identification of intermediate products in the destruction of alkyl sulfonate, its molecule is first cleaved at the C--S bond yielding higher aliphatic alcohols which are then oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids. The strain can be used for purification of industrial sewage containing anionic surfactants.

[Properties of a bacterial enzyme preparation of alkylsulfatase]. / Svoistva bakterial'nogo fermentnogo preparata alkilsul'fatazy.

A preparation of primary alkyl sulfatase was obtained from the culture of Pseudomonas species 2T/1. It can hydrolyze alkyl sulfates, which belong to anion surface-active compounds, to sulfate ion and fatty alcohol, and as a result the harmful for biosphere property of the surface activity is gone. pH and temperature of the incubation mixture, the presence of ions of some bivalent metals and components of synthetic detergents (SD), composition of the buffer mixture and substrate concentration affect the rate of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) hydrolysis. The alkyl sulfatase preparation is relatively stable. The maximum rate of SDS hydrolysis was found to be at 70 degrees C. The preparation catalyzes the hydrolysis of some alkyl sulfate homologues and industrial alkyl sulfates. The temperature optimum of the preparation is 40 degrees C, the pH-optimum is 8.0-9.0.

[Products of bacterial destruction of sodium dodecyl sulphate]. / Izuchenie produktov bakterial'nogo razlozheniia dodetsilsul'fata natriia.

The products of Na dodecyl sulphate destruction by the three bacterial cultures--Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Flavobacterium devorans, Achromobacter guttatus--were examined. The cultures were shown to decompose Na dodecyl sulphate in a similar way. The primary mechanism of destruction was found to be hydrolysis of the sulpho-ester bond in the molecule, leading to the separation of sulphate-ion and formation of dodecanol. Products of bacterial destruction of alkyl sulphates did not show foam forming capacity.

[Microorganisms that break down alkyl sulfates]. / Mikroorganizmy, razrushaiushchie alkilsul'faty.

The following bacteria assimilating alkyl sulphates as a sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from various substrates: Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Citrobacter, Enterobacter. The bacteria decomposed sodium dodecyl sulphate at a high rate, and some of them, industrial preparations of alkyl sulphates. The ability to assimilate alkyl sulphates was tested in 257 collection cultures belonging to different taxonomic groups. Alkyl sulphates were found to be decomposed by heterotrophous gram-negative rod-like bacteria belonging to different families and genera. The frequency of bacteria destroying alkyl sulphates at a high rate was found most often in the Pseudomonas genus.