Encrusted cystitis: aetiology, clinical aspects and management.

Encrusted cystitis is a rare condition characterised by the formation of calcified plaques adherent to or embedded in the bladder mucosa. Although chronic infection with urea-splitting organisms is a prerequisite, other factors seem to play an important role in its development. We report our experience of 4 such cases in which encrusted cystitis presented with various symptoms, produced different pathological abnormalities and was treated by different means in each patient.

Distal ureteral atresia associated with ipsilateral renal dysplasia.

A 56-year-old man presented with unilateral ureteral atresia associated with renal dysplasia. He had no previous urinary symptoms. The diagnosis was established histopathologically after nephroureterectomy.