[Perceptions of the head physician concerning educational activities in Municipal Health Services]. / Percepções do médico-chefe a respeito de atividades educativas em Postos de Assistência Médica.

The results of a research project carried out along with head-physicians of the Municipal Health Services (PAMs) of the city of S. Paulo in order to survey their knowledge, expectations and willingness to participate in and incentivate educational programs in the various PAMs, are reported on. An open-ended questionnaire was answered by 88.6% of the head-physicians. Results showed that the concept of health of the majority of the PAMs' head-physicians (66.3%) was coincidental with that adopted by the WHO. Only 2.9% considered that health is related to quality of life. Health education was seen as the provision of information by 70.0%; only 6.7% recognized their responsibility for the process of social and health change. According to 68.2% of them, health actions were acknowledged to be useful tools for making the users aware of the importance of having the diseases treated. Health actions, their planning, implementation and evaluation were considered to be the responsibility of all who work at the PAMs, but mainly of nurses, social workers and the health educator. Some difficulties in implementing educational activities were indicated; among them being lack of sufficient material and adequate space for their implementation, lack of professional Public Health Educators and, mainly, a lack of motivation on the part of both staff and population. The majority of the head-physicians recognized that educational activities are important, that they are carried out at least by part of their staffs, although frequently hampered by technical and operational difficulties.

[Food taboos in the northern region of Brazil]. / Tabus alimentares em região do Norte do Brasil.

A study was carried out into alimentary taboos in two localities (São Félix and Murumuru) in the county of Marabá, State of Pará, Brazil. Ninety families were studied in São Félix and thirty-five in Murumuru. As regards the feeding taboos found, the most frequent was that prohibiting the simultaneous ingestion of milk and various types of fruit, including especially mango, orange, cashew and pineapple. The ingestion of eggs with fruit was also considered harmful as well as the eating of mammalian flesh at the same time as fish. Restrictions based on taboos were more frequent during breast feeding than during pregnancy, especially those regarding game flesh and fish that abound in the region under study. The most frequently mentioned reasons for the restrictions were: "the combination causes harm", "the combination kills", "the combination causes congestion" and "it causes vomiting".