[Blood concentrations and anti-Borrelia anserina activity of erythromycin salts in birds]. / Kruvni kontsentratsii i aktivnost sreshtu Borrelia anserina na eritromitsinovi soli pri ptitsi.

Tested was comparatively the antispirochaetal activity of erythromycin asparaginate (EA), thiocyanate (ET), and lactate (EL) in a total of 314 chickens, pullets and cockerels artificially infected with Borrelia anserina (strains Surnevo and Pamoukchii). The antibiotics were applied via the crop, with the drinking water, and subcutaneously. The general status of the birds mortality rate, spirocheataemia, and the blood level of antibiotics were followed up along with the effect of EA and ET on the post vaccinal immunity against spirochaetosis. The crop application of EA, ET, and EL at rates of 25000 and 50000 IU/kg from the day of infection for 3 days produced a good prophylactic effect (with single birds only there was transient spirochaetaemia without death cases). At 15000 UI/kg the prophylactic effect was very weak. EA, ET, EL at 120, 180, 250, and 300 IU/kg with the drinking water, and at 150000 and 350000 UI/kg with the feed in the course of 3 to 7 days from the day of infection did not have satisfactory antispirochaetal effect because the birds did not readily accept the medicated water and feed. A comparatively better antispirochaetal effect was established with EA and ET. These antibiotics were found not to inhibit the conference of post vaccinal immunity. Highest blood levels and longest retention were by EA. Very good results were obtained with the subcutaneous application of EA at 25000, 18000, and 15000 IU/kg, once daily in the course of 3 days from the day of infection.

[Immunodiffusion studies of the complete somatic antigens of Paramphistomum sp. and Fasciola hepatica]. / Imunodifuzionni izsledvaniia na pulni somatichni antigeni ot Paramphistomum sp. i Fasciola hepatica.

Investigations were carried out through the agar gel immunodiffusion test of complete somatic antigens of Paramphistomum sp. and Fasciola hepatica, using the respective homologic and heterologic hyperimmune rabbit sera. Differences were established in the spectrum and number of the produced precipitation lines - 6 to Paramphistomum and 4 to Fasciola. With the identity test by the scheme in three after Zilber and Abelev (1962) no precipitation arcs were formed against the heterologic hyperimmune rabbit sera. This pointed the fact that there was no antigenic relation between the helminth species studies.

[Clinical and pharmacological studies of technical tylosin phosphate from Pharmachem in poultry diseases]. / Kliniko-farmakologichni prouchvaniia na tekhnicheskiia tilozinov fosfat "Farmakhim" pri niakoi zaboliavaniia po ptitsite.

Investigations on the healing anbd prophylactic effectiveness of the technical tylosine phosphate "Pharmachim" with 50 IU/mg activity (pharmazin T-50) in some bird diseases were carried out. It was established that a dose of 20 g/kg fodder pharmazin T-50 applied 2 days pre- and 3 days post chicken Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection protects the chickens completely from respiratory mycoplasmosis. In order to attain a sure healing and prophylactic effect in hen spirohetosis control 10 g/kg fodder applied 2 days or on the 24th to 48th day after Borrelia anserina invasion are completely sufficient. It must be noted, moreover, that pharmazin T-50 application has not a negative effect on the build up of post-vaccinal immunity following the same illness. The good results obtained by pharmazin T-50 allow it to replace successfully the remaining medicinal preparations (some of which much more expensive) applied in the control of spirohetosis and respiratory mycoplasmosis of birds.

[Fractionation of the Trichinella spiralis antigen and allergy diagnosis trails]. / Fraktsionirane na antigen ot Trichinella spiralis i opiti za alergichna diagnostika.

Experiments were carried out to fractionate an antigen of Trichinella spiralis with Sephadex G-50 and G-100. The specificty of the fractions has been followed up by means of the intradermal allergic reaction in six pigs, experimentally infected with Trichenalla spiralis, one with Trichocephalus suis and three, born by trichinellosis-affected sows. The second fraction has been tested also on four pigs, experimentally inoculated with Ascaris suum, nine--with Ascarsis suum and Oesophagostomum and 19 healthy pigs. The intradermal allergic tests were effected with thrichinellous fractions, diluted 1:1000. The results obtained from the investigations indicate that the best separation of the complete trichinellous antigen, obtained from lyophilized trichinellae, is achieved with Sephadex G-100. In the case of an intradermal allergic test, a well-expressed reaction is attained with the 2nd fraction and the 1st fraction, the reaction being maintained for a longer times with the 2nd fraction.

[Diagnostic value of the allergy test and precipitation reaction for the intravital diagnosis of trichinelliasis in swine]. / Vurkhu diagnostichnata stoinost na alergichnata proba i reaktsiia pretsipitatsiia za prizhiznena diagnostika na trikhineloza po svinete.

A total of twenty-two experimentally infected pigs, presenting from 250 to 12000 Trichinellae per kilogram body weight, were studied by the skin allergy test, the tube precipitation reaction, and the double gel diffusion technique after Ouchterlony in the course of one year following infection. Use was made of a Trichinella antigen obtained by the Tanner and Gregory's modified method. Unspecific allergy reactions were observed in 2.04% of 104 control pigs, and 2 of the infected ones did not react to the antigen diluted 1:1000. To decrease the cases of unspecific reactions a suggestion was made to extend the antigen from 1:5000 to 1:10000 and to read the result of the reactions not earlier than the 45th min. after injecting the antigen and the physiologic saline. The precipitation reaction proved positive in a comparatively short period--up to the fourth month of infection, and in sporadic cases up to the 7 1/2 month. Unspecific precipitation was observed in 18.7% of a total of 53 control sera. Ouchterlony's diffusion technique was shown to be specific, revealing trichinellosis in the animals from the 15th to the 365th day after the infection had been carried out. It was most markedly expressed from the 30th to the 120th day. It is suggested to use the skin allergy test on farms with a record of swine trichinelloses, all positively reacting pigs being serologically studied after Ouchterlony.

[Studies of the humoral reactivity of piglets with experimental trichinelliasis]. / Prouchvaniia na khumoralnata reaktivnost na praseta s eksperimentalna trikhineloza

Studied were pigs with experimental Trichinella spiralis infection by means of biopsy, the complement-fixation test, the tube precipitation reaction, the double diffusion technique after Ouchterlony, and the microimmunoelectrophoresis after Scheidegger, using an antigen obtained by the method of Tanner and Gregory as modified by the authors. Highest titers established by the c. f. test and the tube precipitation reaction were observed on 30th--60th day after the infection. Complement-fixing antibodies were found up to the end of the third month, and precipitins -- up to the end of the fourth month of the infection. With the use of the double diffusion technique and the immunoelectrophoresis method the precipitation arcs were observed in the 2nd and 3rd month after the infection.