Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1 infection in a captive Seba's short tailed-fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata) colony in Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: Between February and April 2016, a slight increase in mortality was observed in a colony consisting of 400 captive Seba's short-tailed bats (Carollia perspicillata). These animals cohabited with other nocturnal animal species in a dome of a private zoo in Switzerland. RESULTS: Gross and histological analysis of two (14.3%) out of the 13 animals submitted for necropsy within this period revealed a necrosuppurative pneumonia, hepatitis, splenitis, enterocolitis, and endometritis, with abundant intralesional colonies of Gram-negative rods. Yersinia (Y.) pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1 and biotype 1 belonging to the sequence type ST90 was isolated from the affected organs in both animals. Following this diagnosis, » of the colony (99 animals) was culled and submitted for gross and histopathological analysis, and a bacterial culture selective for Yersinia spp. of lung, liver, and spleen was performed. From these 99 animals, one gravid female was tested and found to be positive for Y. pseudotuberculosis in the absence of clinical symptoms and histopathological lesions. PCR analysis of altogether three bacterial isolates for virulence factors revealed the presence of the ail gene, and one isolate was also positive for the virF and yadA plasmid genes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Carollia perspicillata are susceptible to lethal yersiniosis but do not represent a regular reservoir for Y. pseudotuberculosis. Culling of » of the population was sufficient to limit the spread of this infection among the colony. Moreover, no infections were detected in cohabitant nocturnal animals and caretakers, indicating that the zoonotic risk in this case was low.

Lethal Gastric Mucosal Necrosis due to Administration of Oral Ferrous Bisglycinate Chelate to Suckling Piglets.

The oral application of a newly developed ferrous bisglycinate paste for suckling piglets at a dose of 180 mg/kg body weight led to increased death rates in 10% (n = 10) of Swiss test pig breeding farms (n = 100). Necropsy examination of suckling piglets (n = 12), selected randomly from the test farms with increased death rates, demonstrated severe gastric mucosal ulceration and necrosis. Due to the presence of crystalline iron surface coating within the gastric lesions, the iron was considered as the toxic principle and cause of death. To demonstrate the direct toxicity of ferrous bisglycinate, the paste was administered experimentally to a litter of suckling piglets (n = 11). Different time points (24, 48 and 72 h post partum) and doses (180 mg/kg and 360 mg/kg) were investigated. The manufacturer's recommended dose of 180 mg/kg corresponded to approximately 36 mg Fe/kg and to 6.4 % of the acute lethal dose50 of oral iron in rats. In all piglets the lesions were reproduced and most severe at the earliest time point (24 h post partum) and with the highest applied dose (360 mg/kg). The lesions were in accordance with those described from oral iron intoxication in man, suggesting pigs as an ideal animal model for oral iron toxicity studies.