RESUMO
Highly flexible manufacturing systems require continuous run-time (self-) optimization of processes with respect to diverse parameters, e.g., efficiency, availability, energy consumption etc. A promising approach for achieving (self-) optimization in manufacturing systems is the usage of the context sensitivity approach based on data streaming from high amount of sensors and other data sources. Cyber-physical systems play an important role as sources of information to achieve context sensitivity. Cyber-physical systems can be seen as complex intelligent sensors providing data needed to identify the current context under which the manufacturing system is operating. In this paper, it is demonstrated how context sensitivity can be used to realize a holistic solution for (self-) optimization of discrete flexible manufacturing systems, by making use of cyber-physical systems integrated in manufacturing systems/processes. A generic approach for context sensitivity, based on self-learning algorithms, is proposed aiming at a various manufacturing systems. The new solution encompasses run-time context extractor and optimizer. Based on the self-learning module both context extraction and optimizer are continuously learning and improving their performance. The solution is following Service Oriented Architecture principles. The generic solution is developed and then applied to two very different manufacturing processes.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIM: Unstable intertrochanteric (IT) fractures, especially fractures with a reverse or transverse fracture line, have tendencies to make significant impaction on shortening of the femoral neck and lower extremity. The biomechanical complexity of the fracture, the type and the position of the implant are known to influence postoperative outcome. The aim of this study was to compare characteristics of two versions of dynamic hip implants in controlling the dynamization of unstable IT fractures of the femur. METHODS: In the prospective study that included 1,115 patients with fractures of the proximal femur, 61 patients had IT fractures with a reverse or transverse fracture line. All the patients were treated surgically with the same implant in two versions: Dynamic Hip Screw - DHS-MB-S implant with a rigid part of standard length (40 mm) and DHS-MB-I implant, with a rigid part of the implant individualized for each patient depending on the transverse diameter of the proximal femur. The patients were under gradual radiographic and clinical control. Six months postoperatively we measured the length of the extremity and the degree of the medialization of the distal part of the femur. RESULTS: All the fractures healed six months after the operation. Medialization and shortening of the extremity were significantly less in the group with fractures fixed by the DHS-MB-I implant, in which length of the rigid part of the implant was preoperatively measured individually for each patient. CONCLUSION: In order to achieve a desired functional result, the control of dynamisation in unstable IT fractures is significant in the fixation of these fractures of the femur. We presented possible methods to realize it by the contact of the rigid part of our implant with medial cortex of the proximal fragment of the femur.
