Vaccine-incentivized blood donation: A survey of public perceptions in Canada.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Canadian blood donations declined during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversely, vaccine demand outpaced supply during the initial stages of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Canada. This study investigates public perceptions regarding vaccine-incentivized blood donation, among COVID-19 and future pandemics, in Canada. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 19-question survey was developed and distributed in person and online to Canadians during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were asked questions about demographics, blood donation eligibility, previous donations and sentiments towards vaccine-incentivized blood donation. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: In total, 787 respondents completed the survey with representation from all sexes, ages, races, locations of residence and work employment. Overall, 176 (22%) participants self-identified as working or living in healthcare settings, 511 (65%) were currently able to donate blood products, 247 (31%) previously donated blood and 48 (6%) donated blood during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the exception of ineligible blood donors, many Canadians, particularly previous blood donors, were agreeable with this incentivization proposal. Many participants claimed they would donate blood products for vaccines during COVID-19 and future pandemics but raised concerns about the equitableness of such approach. CONCLUSION: Vaccine-incentivized blood donation was viewed positively by many Canadians in our study. Future research must investigate the equity and feasibility of this strategy. In the interim, further strategies should be explored to encourage blood donation in Canada.

Opening the "Black Box" for Canadian Cardiac Surgery Residency Applicants∗.

Background: This study reports on the main criteria used by Canadian cardiac surgery residency program committees (RPCs) to select applicants and the perceptions of Canadian medical students interested in cardiac surgery. Methods: A 50-question online survey was sent to all 12 Canadian cardiac surgery RPCs. A similar 52-question online survey targeted at Canadian medical students interested in applying to cardiac surgery residency programs was distributed. Data from both surveys were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 62% of all cardiac surgery RPC members (66 of 106) participated, including committee members from all 12 programs (range: 1-12 members per program; 9%-100% response rate per program) and 67% of program directors (8 of 12). Forty-one Canadian medical students (22 pre-clerks [54%], 2 MD/PhD students [5%], and 17 clinical clerks [41%]) participated. Committee members considered the following criteria to be most important when selecting candidates: on-service clinical performance, the interview, quality of reference letters from cardiac surgeons, and completing a rotation at the target program's institution. In contrast, the following criteria relating to the candidate were considered to be less important: wanting to practice in the city or province of training, having a connection to the program location, and personally knowing committee members. Medical students' perceptions were concordant regarding what factors are the most important but they overestimated the influence of non-clinical factors and research productivity in increasing their competitiveness. Conclusion: Canadian cardiac surgery residency programs seek applicants who demonstrate clinical excellence, as assessed by surgical rotations and reference letters from colleagues, and strong interview performance.

Contexte: Cette étude fait état des principaux critères utilisés par les comités des programmes de résidence (CPR) canadiens en chirurgie cardiaque pour sélectionner les candidats, ainsi que des perceptions des étudiants en médecine canadiens qui s'intéressent à la chirurgie cardiaque. Méthodologie: Un sondage en ligne comptant 50 questions a été envoyé aux 12 CPR canadiens en chirurgie cardiaque. Un sondage en ligne semblable (comptant 52 questions) a été distribué aux étudiants en médecine qui souhaitaient soumettre leur candidature à un programme de résidence en chirurgie cardiaque au Canada. Les données des deux sondages ont été analysées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives. Résultats: Au total, 62 % des membres de CPR en chirurgie cardiaque (66 sur 106) ont répondu au sondage, y compris des membres des comités des 12 programmes (plage : 1 à 12 membres par programme; taux de réponse de 9 à 100 % par programme) et 67 % des directeurs de programme (8 sur 12). Au total, 41 étudiants en médecine canadiens (22 en préexternat [54 %], 2 étudiants au M.D./Ph. D. [5 %] et 17 stagiaires en formation clinique [41 %]) ont répondu au sondage. Les membres du comité ont considéré les critères suivants comme étant les plus importants dans le choix de candidats : le rendement clinique en service, l'entrevue, la qualité des lettres de recommandation de chirurgiens cardiaques et la réalisation d'un stage dans l'établissement associé au programme. En revanche, les critères suivants étaient considérés comme moins importants : le désir de pratiquer dans la ville ou la province de formation, un lien avec le lieu du programme, et la connaissance personnelle de membres du co-mité. Les perceptions des étudiants en médecine concordaient quant aux facteurs les plus importants, mais les étudiants surestimaient l'influence de facteurs non cliniques et de la productivité en recherche dans l'aspect concurrentiel de leur candidature. Conclusion: Les programmes de résidence canadiens en chirurgie cardiaque recherchent des candidats forts d'une excellence clinique, évaluée par les stages en chirurgie et les lettres de recommandation de collègues, et offrant une bonne performance en entrevue.

Improved Outcomes Following the Ross Procedure Compared With Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement.

BACKGROUND: The ideal aortic valve substitute for young and middle-aged adults remains elusive. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing the Ross procedure and those receiving bioprosthetic aortic valve replacements (AVRs). METHODS: Consecutive patients aged 16-60 years who underwent a Ross procedure or surgical bioprosthetic AVR at the Toronto General Hospital between 1990 and 2014 were identified. Propensity score matching was used to account for differences in baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included valve reintervention, valve deterioration, endocarditis, thromboembolic events, and permanent pacemaker implantation. RESULTS: Propensity score matching yielded 108 pairs of patients. The median age was 41 years (IQR: 34-47 years). Baseline characteristics were similar between the matched groups. There was no operative mortality in either group. Mean follow-up was 14.5 ± 7.2 years. All-cause mortality was lower following the Ross procedure (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.14-0.90; P = 0.028). Using death as a competing risk, the Ross procedure was associated with lower rates of reintervention (HR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.10-0.41; P < 0.001), valve deterioration (HR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.14-0.45; P < 0.001), thromboembolic events (HR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.05-0.50; P = 0.002), and permanent pacemaker implantation (HR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.07-0.64; P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: In this propensity-matched study, the Ross procedure was associated with better long-term survival and freedom from adverse valve-related events compared with bioprosthetic AVR. In specialized centers with sufficient expertise, the Ross procedure should be considered the primary option for young and middle-aged adults undergoing AVR.

Modified autotransplantation technique for surgical resection of complex pericardial synovial sarcoma.

Technical details for complex cardiac tumor resection are sparse. We describe the operative technique of modified autotransplantation for resection of a complex pericardial synovial sarcoma in a 63-year-old, Caucasian female. Surgical exposure demonstrated tumor origin at the superior cavoatrial junction and invasion of the aorta, main pulmonary artery, superior pulmonary veins, and left atrial roof. Full macroscopic surgical resection was achieved. The patient received adjuvant radiation for microscopic positive margins and remains alive and with no tumor progression at one year postoperatively. We conclude that modified autotransplantation is a challenging but effective surgical technique when performed with careful patient selection and availability of skilled, cardiothoracic surgeons at a cardiac center of excellence.