[Haemophilus influenzae antibiotic resistant strains isolated in Moscow in 2002-2004]. / Antibiotikorezistentnost' shtammov Haemophilis influenzae, vydelennikh v Moskve s 2002 po 2004.

The results of 3-year observation on emergence of H. influenzae antibiotic resistant strains in Moscow are summarized. The study included 566 strains isolated from patients in 2002-2004. The susceptibility was determined by the 2-fold microdilution method on the Haemophilus test medium. The percentage of the resistant strains isolated in 2002, 2003 and 2004 was the following: ampicillin --4.9, 3.2 and 3.6%, tetracycline--3.3, 3.2 and 1.8% and co-trimoxazole--10.9, 20.9 and 20% respectively. The strains isolated in 2003 and 2004 were resistant to azithromycin in 0.6 and 1.8% of the isolates and to clarithromycin in 1.3 and 3.2% of the isolates respectively. Five isolates differed by the minimum resistance to ampicillin whereas producing no beta-lactamase (BLNAR strains). The drugs of choice for the treatment of respiratory tract infections mainly due to H. influenzae, i.e. acute otitis and sinusitis, chronic bronchitis exacerbation and sometimes pneumonia remain betalactam antibiotics. From the microbiological viewpoint the inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins, cefuroxime and cefotaxime have no significant advantages vs. amoxycillin. The use of cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol should be considered inexpedient.

[The effect of structure of benzimidazoles on the character of forming intramolecular cross-links in DNA and chromatin]. / Vliianie struktury preparatov klassa benzimidazola na kharakter obrazovaniia vnutrimolekuliarnykh sshivok v DNK i khromatine.

An investigation of a number of benzimidazole class preparations, being distinguished by a position of aminomethyl substitutes, has been carried out. It has been shown, that the non-substituted preparation BIO-10 does not form UV-cross-links in DNA and chromatine; BIO-40, having one substitute in the position 2, causes the formation of inter-molecular cross-links DNA-DNA. The preparation BIO-50, having 2 aminomethyl groups in the imidazole nucleus positions 2 and 6, forms cross-links DNA-DNA and DNA-protein in chromatine. The generation of radicals by the preparations BIO-10 and BIO-50 has been studied by the EPR-method by use of spin trap. It has been demonstrated, that BIO-10, unlike BIO-50, actively generates superoxide. A supposition has been made, that an UV-formation of superoxide-radical in the presence of BIO-10 might be a reason of DNA-macromolecule destruction.

[The comparative characteristics of the antibiotic sensitivity of psychrophilic and mesophilic aeromonads]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika antibiotikochuvstvitel'nosti psikhrofil'nykh i mezofil'nykh aéromonad.

The general regularities of the antibiotic susceptibility of psychrophilic and mesophilic aeromonads were determined. The antibioticograms were in general similar. Still, there was observed a higher susceptibility of Aeromonas salmonicida to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and rifampicin, as well as a larger number of strains susceptible to semisynthetic broad spectrum penicillins (ampicillin and carbenicillin) and cephazoline. The susceptibility to aminoglycosides was lower.

[The action of benzimidazole derivative preparations on the formation of DNA-protein cross-links in the UV irradiation of chromatin]. / Deistvie preparatov proizvodnykh benzimidazola na obrazovanie sshivok DNK--belok pri UF-obluchenii khromatina.

Effect of benzimidazole-derivatives on the DNA-protein binding formation was studied after UV-radiation of chromatin. These derivatives were shown to protect chromatin from UV-induced DNA-protein binding formation. Structural analog contained two aminomethyl residuals sensibilized additional binding formation in chromatin. Results suggested, that benzimidazole interacted with DNA, while aminomethyl groups interacted with protein and sensibilized binding of DNA with histone H1.

[Qualification requirements for physician-bacteriologists]. / Kvalifikatsionnye trebovaniia k vrachu-bakteriologu.

The authors present the qualification requirements to laboratory physicians specialized in bacteriology. The knowledge and skills of a bacteriologist, necessary for his organizations, methodologic, prophylactic, and diagnostic activities, are listed.

[Antibiotic resistance of Shigella isolated in the Kara-Kalpak A.S.S.R. 1987-1988]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' shigell, vydelennykh v Karakalpakskoi ASSR v 1987-1988 gg.

Sensitivity of Shigella spp. isolated in one of the hospitals of Nukus within 1987-1988 and earlier in 1977 and 1985 was studied. S. flexneri 1-5 remained the main causative agents of dysentery on the territory. However, beginning from 1987 there were registered cases of dysentery caused by S. dysenteriae 1. The isolates were most sensitive to cefotaxime, cephaloridine, polymyxin B and gentamicin. The majority of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and streptomycin. No significant changes in the sensitivity levels of the strains isolated in 1987-1988 as compared to those isolated in 1985 were observed.

[Prevention of contractures in post-stroke arthropathies]. / Profilaktika kontraktur pri postinsu'ltnykh artropatiiakh.

Arthropathies develop in 15-20% of post-stroke paresis patients. A complex of rehabilitative measures including physical therapy (transcutaneous stimulation analgesia, heating etc.), kinesitherapy and anabolic hormones can prevent contractures if applied at the early rehabilitative stage.

[Experience using selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors in treating parkinsonism patients]. / Opyt primeneniia selektivnykh ingibitorov monoaminoksidazy pri lechenii bol'nykh parkinsonizmom.

MAO B selective inhibitor was given to parkinsonism patients for several months. Positive effect was found in half of the patients irrespective of their age, time of the disease onset and its severity. The drug proved most effective in bradykinesia. Its use is most expedient in combination with L-DOPA-containing drugs which prolong the effect and reduced diurnal shifts in the patients' conditions. Side effects are seldom observed and usually weak.

[Stabilizing effect of hydroxybenzimidazole and its derivatives on biological membranes during activation of lipid peroxidation]. / Stabiliziruiushchee deistvie oksibenzimidazola i ego proizvodnykh na biologicheskie membrany pri aktivatsii perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov.

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) by oxybenzimidazole (OBI) and its derivatives--alkyloxybenzimidazole (AOBI) and alkylethoxybenzimidazole (AEBI) was studied in liver microsomes and brain synaptosomes. It has been shown that both OBI and AOBI strongly inhibit LPO in microsomes and not synaptosomes. AEBI failed to inhibit LPO in microsomes. AOBI is more potent than OBI both in ascorbate- and NADPH-dependent LPO of microsomes. An antioxidant effect of both compounds is more marked in ascorbate-dependent LPO. The investigation of the possible use of AOBI for the protection of liver membranes in various pathological conditions associated with LPO activation seems promising.

[Experience with the use of parlodel in the treatment of Parkinson patients]. / Opyt primeneniia parlodela pri lechenii bol'nykh parkinsonizmom.

The dopamine agonist parlodel was given to 42 patients with parkinsonism for several months. The drug proved effective in more than one-third of the patients. Different side-effects were observed in almost half of the patients. Parlodel may be used alone in mild cases but generally it is used as an adjunct to L-DOPA therapy. The optimum dose of parlodel is individual and varies within a wide range.

[Speech disorders with localization of the vascular focus in deep structures of the dominant hemisphere of the brain]. / Narusheniia rechi pri lokalizatsii sosudistogo ochaga v glubokikh strukturakh dominantnogo polushariia golovnogo mozga.

The authors present the clinical picture and time-course of aphasia (A) in 25 patients, 18 of whom had had hemorrhagic and 7 ischemic stroke. Dynamic neuropsychological examination and computer-aided tomography (CT) of the brain were carried out. The development of marked and stable A was observed in 20% of the cases. The frequency was higher with brain infarction and lower with cerebral hemorrhage. In 3 cases of deep localization of brain infarction the authors describe a peculiar speech syndrome not observed in other aphasic patients. It was characterized by (1) intactness of mechanisms underlying the realization of speech despite the presence of marked aphasia, (2) greater variability and inconsistence of results of implementation by patients of speech tasks. Clinico-CT correlations gave grounds for explaining the rate and degree of speech recovery, as well as the nature of A with the predominant lesion to some or other deep structures of the left hemisphere of the brain.

[Relation between features of the recovery of motor functions in patients with ischemic strokes and the site and extent of lesion focus]. / Osobennosti vosstanovleniia dvigatel'nykh funktsii u bol'nykh s ishemicheskim insul'tom v zavisimosti ot lokalizatsii i razmerov ochaga porazheniia.

The nature and degree of motor disorders, the degree and rate of recovery were shown to be more dependent on the localization than on the size of the cerebral infarction specified by computer-aided tomography of the drain. Localization of infarct in the posterior femur of the internal capsule proved the least favourable with regard to the recovery of motor functions.

[Prospects for the development of scientific research in the area of rehabilitative treatment of post-infarct patients]. / Perspektivy razvitiia nauchnykh issledovanii v oblasti vosstanovitel'nogo lecheniia bol'nykh, perenesshikh insul't.

Three basic areas of research on the rehabilitation treatment of cerebral stroke survivors are reviewed: (1) the identification of factors affecting the recovery of impaired functions; (2) the development of new and improvement of the conventional methods of rehabilitation therapy; (3) the elaboration and perfection of principles of rehabilitation treatment organization.