RESUMO
Using (AG)9C and (GA)9C primers and analysis of multilocus profile of intermicrosatellite polymorphism (ISSR-PCR), in 19 cattle breeds, a total of 66 PCR products were revealed. The statistical processing of the data obtained using standard software programs enabled the identification of the ISSR markers, the polymorphism of which made the greatest contribution to the total genomic diversity of both individual breeds and the species Bos taurus in general. These DNA fragments deserve special interest for the further analysis of their localization and functions.
Assuntos
Cruzamento , Bovinos/genética , Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Polymorphism analysis of DNA fragments flanked by (TC)9G and (CT)9G inverted dinucleotide microsatellite repeats in 766 animals of 19 cattle breeds and one breeding type revealed 66 fragments, of which 64 were polymorphic. The breeds proved to differ in the frequency and presence or absence of amplified DNA fragments at the genomic level, indicating that ISSR fingerprinting is informative for differentiating the PCR product spectra and cattle breeds. Multilocus ISSR polymorphism analysis identified the group of fragments that can be used as Bos taurus and B. indicus species markers to describe the standards of breeds, their genetic profiles, and breed-specific patterns. Based on ISSR polymorphism, a prototypal gene pool of cattle was constructed and the breeds closest to it were identified. Genetic diversity analysis made it possible to assume that an optimal mean heterozygosity is characteristic of cattle breeds and that deviations from this optimum are indicative of various processes occurring in the population (breed).
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Repetições de Dinucleotídeos/genética , Loci Gênicos/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , AnimaisRESUMO
The use of multilocus intermicrosatellite assay (ISSR-PCR) in combination with the method of k-clustering of population structures (Structure v2.2. program) has become a basis for a battery of tests of molecular genetic examination and for studying the gene pool of domesticated animal species. Possibilities are reviewed for analysis of the population structures of domesticated species at different levels (interspecific, interbreed, and intrabreed levels), for assessment of similarity of gene pools of breeds (intrabreed groups), as well as for identification of breeds and estimation of their consolidation, purity, and genealogical relationships.
Assuntos
Cruzamento , Bovinos/genética , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Ovinos/genética , Animais , Pool GênicoRESUMO
The genetic structure of populations of the Tuvinian short-fat-tailed sheep was studied with the use of the ISSR-PCR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) method in 18 farms of Tyva. Data on the spectrum of ISSR fragments of DNA were obtained using the (AG)9C primer. Analysis of intermicrosatellite polymorphism permitted us to determine genomic characteristics of the populations, their genealogical relations, and the parameters of genetic diversity within the populations and the breed as a whole. Three genetic notions were considered on the basis of the results of this analysis: gene pool profile, gene pool standard, and breed-specific pattern. The data obtained can be used to carry out population genetic monitoring, to develop a breeding strategy, and to conserve in situ the Tuvinian sheep breed and breeds of other domesticated species.
Assuntos
Ovinos/genética , Animais , Loci Gênicos , Genótipo , Repetições de Microssatélites , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético , SibériaRESUMO
A comparative analysis of phenotypical characteristics, the polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens and genetic-biochemical systems in the groups of Ukrainian Grey cattle, bred in Ukraine and Russia was carried out in different years. Data have been obtained on peculiarities of genetic structure of Ukrainian Grey cattle and on certain breed distinctions in the space and time.
Assuntos
Cruzamento , Bovinos/genética , Animais , Antígenos/sangue , Antígenos/genética , Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Bovinos/sangue , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Eritrócitos/química , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Federação Russa , UcrâniaRESUMO
A wide range of variation in immunogenetic and biochemical markers was found in thoroughbred Brown Carpathian cattle. Comparative analysis of genetic structure of Brown Carpathian and Swiss cattle, as well as various hybrids of these two breeds, with respect to polymorphic biochemical systems, demonstrated that all hybrids having any gene admixture of the Brown Carpathian breed formed a single cluster in a dendrogram and were readily distinguishable from thoroughbred Swiss cattle. Originally, the Swiss breed participated in forming the gene pool of Brown Carpathian cattle. The selective advantage of some gene associations, which included the loci of the biochemical genetic systems studied, was suggested to be a specific characteristic of the Brown Carpathian breed. Genetic differentiation in the groups of hybrids bred in regions with different ecological conditions (high- and lowland) was revealed.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Variação Genética , Animais , Variação Antigênica/genética , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Bovinos/imunologia , Hibridização Genética , Imunogenética , Polimorfismo Genético , UcrâniaRESUMO
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of groups of Pinzgauer cattle bred at lowland, highland, and alpine farms in the Carpathian Mountains were studied. A high variation of the cattle with respect to blood groups was revealed. It was found that the genetic structure of the highland group of Pinzagauer cattle was somewhat similar to that of Brown Carpathian cattle with respect to biochemical genetic systems, mainly transferrin and amylase-I loci. It is thought that the similarity found may be accounted for by close ecological and geographical breeding conditions of the groups of cattle studied.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Bovinos/genética , Variação Genética , Altitude , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Bovinos/imunologia , Ecologia , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Imunogenética , Fenótipo , Especificidade da Espécie , UcrâniaRESUMO
The electrophoresis of blood serum proteins in polyacrylamide gel has been used to analyze genetic variability of Grey Ukrainian and Hungarian Grey breeds of cattle. The differences in allelic frequency between the breeds and populations of Grey Ukrainian cattle are found. In cattle, post-transferrin-3, new polymorphic protein, controlled by two co-dominant alleles is detected.
