[The Galenizm in the light of modern concepts of the structure of scientific knowledge].

The article considers the foundation and characteristics of medical science of period of dominance of Galenizm in medicine. On the basis of analysis of available original sources the philosophical (ontological, epistemological, logical methodological and axiological) foundations, cognitive ideals and norms are presented. The pattern of the considered reality is discussed.

[The becoming of public medicine in the second half of XVIII-first half of XIX centuries. Report III. The sanitary routine in Western Europe].

The present report is dedicated to consideration of conditions of life, diet and labor activity of population of Western Europe n the second half of XVIII-first half of XIX centuries. The literary monuments, published testimonials of witnesses, materials from medical guidebooks and handbooks of those times are used to present the data concerning the anti-sanitary conditions of settlements, residential and public buildings and lacking of personal cleanliness among population. The issues are considered relating to inadequate quantity and low quality of food The exploitation of female and children labor in factory manufacture and dramatic moral degradation of fabric workers is considered too. The overall impact of these factors on mass morbidity and mortality of population is analyzed.

[The becoming of public medicine (second half of XVIII-first half of xix centuries). Report I: The origin of concept of medical police, governing bodies of medical sanitary business, physician sanitary legislation].

The present report covers the history of origination of concept of medical police in the second half of XVIII century. This body became one of the most important tool of state governance in Austria. France, Prussia and Russia. The relationship between origin of this concept and the results of scientific studies in area of investigation of epidemic constitutions is demonstrated. Two directions of activity of bodies of state governance are considered concerning the implementation of medical police--imposition of public administration of activities of physicians and development by joint efforts of physicians and lawyers of special physician sanitary legislation.