Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 87
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Nat Biotechnol ; 19(4): 342-7, 2001 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11283592

RESUMO

We describe a flexible system for gene expression profiling using arrays of tens of thousands of oligonucleotides synthesized in situ by an ink-jet printing method employing standard phosphoramidite chemistry. We have characterized the dependence of hybridization specificity and sensitivity on parameters including oligonucleotide length, hybridization stringency, sequence identity, sample abundance, and sample preparation method. We find that 60-mer oligonucleotides reliably detect transcript ratios at one copy per cell in complex biological samples, and that ink-jet arrays are compatible with several different sample amplification and labeling techniques. Furthermore, results using only a single carefully selected oligonucleotide per gene correlate closely with those obtained using complementary DNA (cDNA) arrays. Most of the genes for which measurements differ are members of gene families that can only be distinguished by oligonucleotides. Because different oligonucleotide sequences can be specified for each array, we anticipate that ink-jet oligonucleotide array technology will be useful in a wide variety of DNA microarray applications.


Assuntos
Expressão Gênica , Hibridização In Situ/métodos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Oligonucleotídeos/química , Células Cultivadas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , DNA Complementar/metabolismo , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Células Jurkat , Células K562 , Oligonucleotídeos/síntese química , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Complementar/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de Tempo , Transcrição Gênica , Tretinoína/química , Células Tumorais Cultivadas
2.
Nature ; 409(6822): 922-7, 2001 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11237012

RESUMO

The most important product of the sequencing of a genome is a complete, accurate catalogue of genes and their products, primarily messenger RNA transcripts and their cognate proteins. Such a catalogue cannot be constructed by computational annotation alone; it requires experimental validation on a genome scale. Using 'exon' and 'tiling' arrays fabricated by ink-jet oligonucleotide synthesis, we devised an experimental approach to validate and refine computational gene predictions and define full-length transcripts on the basis of co-regulated expression of their exons. These methods can provide more accurate gene numbers and allow the detection of mRNA splice variants and identification of the tissue- and disease-specific conditions under which genes are expressed. We apply our technique to chromosome 22q under 69 experimental condition pairs, and to the entire human genome under two experimental conditions. We discuss implications for more comprehensive, consistent and reliable genome annotation, more efficient, full-length complementary DNA cloning strategies and application to complex diseases.


Assuntos
Cromossomos Humanos Par 22 , Biologia Computacional , Genoma Humano , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Algoritmos , Processamento Alternativo , Linhagem Celular , DNA Complementar , Éxons , Projeto Genoma Humano , Humanos , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos
3.
Cell ; 102(1): 109-26, 2000 Jul 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10929718

RESUMO

Ascertaining the impact of uncharacterized perturbations on the cell is a fundamental problem in biology. Here, we describe how a single assay can be used to monitor hundreds of different cellular functions simultaneously. We constructed a reference database or "compendium" of expression profiles corresponding to 300 diverse mutations and chemical treatments in S. cerevisiae, and we show that the cellular pathways affected can be determined by pattern matching, even among very subtle profiles. The utility of this approach is validated by examining profiles caused by deletions of uncharacterized genes: we identify and experimentally confirm that eight uncharacterized open reading frames encode proteins required for sterol metabolism, cell wall function, mitochondrial respiration, or protein synthesis. We also show that the compendium can be used to characterize pharmacological perturbations by identifying a novel target of the commonly used drug dyclonine.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologia , Parede Celular/fisiologia , Ergosterol/biossíntese , Proteínas Fúngicas/biossíntese , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Genes Fúngicos , Genes Reporter , Teste de Complementação Genética , Variação Genética , Humanos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Modelos Genéticos , Mutagênese , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Fenótipo , Propiofenonas/farmacologia , Receptores sigma/genética , Ribossomos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Esteroide Isomerases/genética , Transcrição Gênica
4.
Science ; 287(5454): 873-80, 2000 Feb 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10657304

RESUMO

Genome-wide transcript profiling was used to monitor signal transduction during yeast pheromone response. Genetic manipulations allowed analysis of changes in gene expression underlying pheromone signaling, cell cycle control, and polarized morphogenesis. A two-dimensional hierarchical clustered matrix, covering 383 of the most highly regulated genes, was constructed from 46 diverse experimental conditions. Diagnostic subsets of coexpressed genes reflected signaling activity, cross talk, and overlap of multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Analysis of the profiles specified by two different MAPKs-Fus3p and Kss1p-revealed functional overlap of the filamentous growth and mating responses. Global transcript analysis reflects biological responses associated with the activation and perturbation of signal transduction pathways.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Proteínas Repressoras , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas Inibidoras de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/fisiologia , Fase G1 , Genoma Fúngico , Lipoproteínas/farmacologia , Lipoproteínas/fisiologia , Fator de Acasalamento , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Família Multigênica , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Peptídeos/fisiologia , Feromônios , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Ativação Transcricional
5.
Nat Med ; 4(11): 1293-301, 1998 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9809554

RESUMO

We describe here a method for drug target validation and identification of secondary drug target effects based on genome-wide gene expression patterns. The method is demonstrated by several experiments, including treatment of yeast mutant strains defective in calcineurin, immunophilins or other genes with the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A or FK506. Presence or absence of the characteristic drug 'signature' pattern of altered gene expression in drug-treated cells with a mutation in the gene encoding a putative target established whether that target was required to generate the drug signature. Drug dependent effects were seen in 'targetless' cells, showing that FK506 affects additional pathways independent of calcineurin and the immunophilins. The described method permits the direct confirmation of drug targets and recognition of drug-dependent changes in gene expression that are modulated through pathways distinct from the drug's intended target. Such a method may prove useful in improving the efficiency of drug development programs.


Assuntos
Calcineurina/genética , Ciclosporina/farmacologia , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica , Imunofilinas/genética , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Tacrolimo/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Genótipo , Modelos Biológicos , Mutação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais
6.
Electrophoresis ; 18(1): 1-5, 1997 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9059812

RESUMO

Data-adaptive algorithms are presented for separating overlapping signatures of heterozygotic allele pairs in electrophoresis data. Application is demonstrated for human microsatellite CA-repeat polymorphisms in LiCor 4000 and ABI 373 data. The algorithms allow overlapping alleles to be called correctly in almost every case where a trained observer could do so, and provide a fast automated objective alternative to human reading of the gels. The algorithm also supplies an indication of confidence level which can be used to flag marginal cases for verification by eye, or as input to later stages of statistical analysis.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Alelos , Polimorfismo Genético , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico , Animais , Composição de Bases , Eletroforese , Humanos , Matemática , Camundongos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
7.
J Neuroendocrinol ; 8(10): 747-53, 1996 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8910803

RESUMO

Osmotically stimulated vasopressin and oxytocin release were measured in pinealectomized and sham operated male rats infused with hypertonic sodium chloride. Neuronal activation in the hypothalamic regions associated with oxytocin and vasopressin release was investigated by quantitative assessment of Fos protein production. The osmotically stimulated release of both vasopressin and oxytocin was significantly lower in pinealectomized animals as compared to sham operated controls. The slope of regression lines between plasma osmolality and hormone concentrations in the sham animals showed a 1.0 +/- 0.1 pmol per mosm/kg rise in vasopressin and 2.0 +/- 0.4 pmol per mosm/kg rise in oxytocin whilst in the pinealectomized animals these values were significantly lower at 0.4 +/- 0.1 pmol vasopressin per mosm/kg and 0.8 +/- 0.2pmol oxytocin per mosm/kg. The osmotic thresholds for hormone release were unaffected by pinealectomy. Fos production was also significantly lower in the supraoptic nucleus and organ vasculosum of the lamina terminalis in the pinealectomized rat at 62 +/- 20 and 59 +/- 9 Fos immunoreactive cells/section as compared to corresponding values of 202 +/- 31 and 123 +/- 20 Fos immunoreactive cells/section in the shams. These observations suggest that reduced hormone release in the pinealectomized animal is due to lowered responsiveness of central osmoregulatory mechanisms and that melatonin may therefore influence the activation of the magnocellular system.


Assuntos
Hipotálamo/fisiologia , Proteínas Oncogênicas v-fos/biossíntese , Ocitocina/metabolismo , Glândula Pineal/fisiologia , Vasopressinas/metabolismo , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Volume Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Masculino , Neurônios/metabolismo , Concentração Osmolar , Ocitocina/sangue , Glândula Pineal/cirurgia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Vasopressinas/sangue
8.
J Pineal Res ; 20(4): 211-6, 1996 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8836955

RESUMO

Pinealectomy has been shown to alter daily rhythms of neurohypophysial hormone release, with plasma hormone concentrations being elevated in the morning, as compared to intact rats. To determine whether pineal removal also altered the response to known stimuli of hormone release, vasopressin concentrations were measured in control, sham-operated, and pinealectomized animals during extracellular fluid hypertonicity produced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of hypertonic saline or hypovolaemia produced by an i.p. injections of polyethylene glycol. In the combined sham-operated and unoperated groups, injection of hypertonic saline produced a marked increase in plasma vasopressin concentrations from 2.18 +/- 0.28 to 7.2 +/- 1.24 pmol/liter, but the response was attenuated in pinealectomized animals, concentrations increasing to only 3.4 +/- 1.2 pmol/liter. Similarly, following infusion of hypertonic saline, the increase in plasma vasopressin per unit increase in plasma sodium was lower in pinealectomized animals than the pineal intact controls. The response to hypovolaemia was also attenuated, plasma hormone concentrations following reduction in blood volume of approximately 10% increasing to only 3.6 +/- 0.6 pmol/liter as compared to 7.3 +/- 2.2 pmol/liter in the control groups. There were no significant differences in pituitary vasopressin content in any of the groups studied. Thus, the pineal may influence the vasopressin response to physiological stimuli.


Assuntos
Volume Sanguíneo , Glândula Pineal/fisiologia , Glândula Pineal/cirurgia , Polietilenoglicóis/administração & dosagem , Solução Salina Hipertônica/administração & dosagem , Vasopressinas/sangue , Animais , Masculino , Concentração Osmolar , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Choque/sangue , Choque/induzido quimicamente
9.
J Pineal Res ; 14(1): 45-51, 1993 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8483105

RESUMO

Plasma concentrations of neurohypophysial hormones show clear rhythms over 24 hr which can be suppressed by exposure to constant light, an observation consistent with pineal involvement. A study has therefore been performed on the changes in the hormone levels in the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, and plasma over 24 hr in control, pinealectomised, and sham pinealectomised animals to determine if the pineal could play a role. Water intake, urine excretion, packed cell volume, plasma osmolality, and electrolytes were also monitored. Pinealectomy had little effect on fluid balance, but after 8 weeks for oxytocin and 2 weeks for vasopressin the morning values (0700-0800) for the circulating concentrations of the hormones were significantly higher in the pinealectomized group compared with the combined sham operated and unoperated groups (pineal intact). By contrast, the pituitary vasopressin was significantly lower in the pinealectomised group. The increase in plasma oxytocin and vasopressin seen over the hours of daylight and accompanying fall in plasma osmolality seen in the pineal intact group were absent in the pinealectomised group. Similarly, the evening fall in pituitary hormone concentrations and increase in hypothalamic hormone content were absent in the pinealectomised animals. After 10 days of exposure to constant light, the fall in plasma osmolality in the pineal-intact animals over the day was no longer significant; instead a significant increase in plasma osmolality and sodium was seen in the pinealectomised group. Exposure to constant light, while altering the patterns of neurohypophysial activity in the pineal intact group, had little effect on the pinealectomised animals.


Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Ocitocina/metabolismo , Glândula Pineal/fisiologia , Neuro-Hipófise/metabolismo , Vasopressinas/metabolismo , Animais , Ingestão de Líquidos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Luz , Masculino , Melatonina/sangue , Concentração Osmolar , Ocitocina/sangue , Glândula Pineal/cirurgia , Radioimunoensaio , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Vasopressinas/sangue , Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico
10.
Int J Dermatol ; 31 Suppl 1: 26-8, 1992 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1428464

RESUMO

The vasoconstrictor assay, when properly performed, is a highly reliable method to determine bioequivalence of generic formulations. Recent research has resolved some of the remaining questions concerning the practical application of the assay. Significant vehicle-related differences have been observed between the potency of different, supposedly equivalent formulations now on the market. Large differences in concentrations of the active agent in similar vehicles usually have not resulted in corresponding differences in vasoconstrictor assay results. Finally, the time course of drug effects may differ among highly potent and less potent corticosteroids. In general, the higher the potency of the topical corticosteroid, the earlier the maximal effect is observed. This finding suggests that short application of highly potent agents might minimize systemic absorption without sacrificing efficacy.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Vasoconstritores/farmacologia , Administração Tópica , Glucocorticoides , Humanos , Veículos Farmacêuticos , Equivalência Terapêutica , Fatores de Tempo
11.
J Am Acad Dermatol ; 22(6 Pt 1): 1038-41, 1990 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2370328

RESUMO

The vasoconstrictor assay in human beings was used to assess bioavailability during different time periods of exposure when 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream (Temovate) was applied and left on for periods of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 16.0 hours and subsequently washed. Maximal responses were achieved by 1.5 hours of exposure, but there was no significant difference in intensity of vasoconstriction between 1.0, 1.5, and 16.0 hours of exposure before washing the sites. Exposures to 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream for 0.5 hour were not significantly different from 16-hour exposures to 0.05% fluocinonide cream, but exposures to 0.05% clobetasol propionate cream for 1.0, 1.5, and 16.0 hours all resulted in significant increases in vasoconstriction responses compared with fluocinonide cream applied and left on for 16 hours. Topical exposures to a superpotent topical steroid for a short time give vasoconstrictor responses equivalent to long time exposures.


Assuntos
Betametasona/análogos & derivados , Clobetasol/análogos & derivados , Pele/irrigação sanguínea , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Cutânea , Adolescente , Adulto , Clobetasol/administração & dosagem , Clobetasol/farmacocinética , Feminino , Antebraço , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores de Tempo
12.
Arch Dermatol ; 125(11): 1509-11, 1989 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2817915

RESUMO

Many topical corticosteroid formulations are available as different concentrations of the steroid in a similar vehicle. We tested the existing assumption that higher concentrations give greater biologic activity. The vasoconstriction assay was used because of its known correlation with clinical activity. Statistical analyses of the different concentrations are as follows: Kenalog creams: 0.025% is equal to 0.1% is equal to 0.5%; Aristocort creams: 0.025% is equal to 0.1% is equal to 0.5%; Aristocort ointments: 0.1% is equal to 0.5%; Aristocort creams: 0.5% is equal to 0.025% but is less than 0.1%; Hytone cream: 1.0% is equal to 2.5%; Synalar creams: 0.01% is less than 0.025% which is less than 0.2%; Topicort creams: 0.25% is equal 0.05%; and Vallisone creams: 0.1% is greater than 0.01%. The assumption that increased concentration of the same steroid in the same vehicle type will give increased biologic activity is usually, but not always, incorrect for brand-name formulations now available.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Administração Tópica , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Disponibilidade Biológica , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Composição de Medicamentos , Glucocorticoides , Humanos , Veículos Farmacêuticos , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos
13.
Cutis ; 44(4): 333-5, 1989 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2805810

RESUMO

The topical antifungal agent naftifine has shown considerable potency against a broad spectrum of dermatophytes. In this study, an in vitro penetration test in human cadaver skin and an in vivo tape-stripping test were used to evaluate the penetration and antifungal activity of naftifine gel 1 percent and naftifine cream 1 percent compared with other antifungal agents. In both models, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes were the fungal species. Results show that naftifine gel 1 percent and naftifine cream 1 percent, in vitro and in vivo, penetrate the stratum corneum in concentrations that inhibit the growth of both fungal species. Following penetration in vitro, naftifine gel and cream were significantly more active against T. rubrum than econazole nitrate cream 1 percent. Following penetration in vivo, naftifine gel and cream were as active as econazole nitrate cream 1 percent and clotrimazole cream 1 percent against T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes.


Assuntos
Alilamina/farmacocinética , Aminas/farmacocinética , Pele/metabolismo , Administração Tópica , Adolescente , Adulto , Alilamina/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Arthrodermataceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Células Cultivadas , Emolientes , Géis , Humanos , Imidazóis/farmacocinética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
14.
Clin Ther ; 11(3): 290-303, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2663159

RESUMO

Studies were conducted to assess the bioequivalence of a new antimycotic formulation, ciclopirox olamine lotion 1%, to an established compound, ciclopirox olamine cream 1%. Results of in vitro studies, using skin samples from human cadavers and domestic pigs, demonstrated that the two formulations equally penetrate all layers of the stratum corneum and inhibit the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans. In vivo studies in guinea pigs and in human volunteers demonstrated the comparable therapeutic efficacy of the lotion and the cream in experimental trichophytosis. In addition, a multicenter, double-blind clinical trial was undertaken to compare ciclopirox olamine lotion 1% with the vehicle alone in the treatment of patients with tinea pedis. Patients with plantar, interdigital, or vesicular tinea pedis were enrolled in the studies. Patients were treated for 28 days. Clinical and mycological responses were determined during treatment and two weeks posttreatment. Ciclopirox olamine lotion 1% was found to be significantly more effective than its vehicle in the treatment of patients with common tinea pedis. Minor localized side effects (pruritus, burning sensation) were reported in 2% of 89 patients treated with ciclopirox olamine lotion 1%. The results demonstrate the bioequivalence of ciclopirox olamine lotion 1% and ciclopirox olamine cream 1% and confirm the clinical effectiveness and safety of the lotion in the treatment of tinea pedis, a generally recalcitrant fungal infection. It is concluded that ciclopirox olamine lotion 1% can be used as an alternative to ciclopirox olamine cream 1% for treatment of tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, and cutaneous candidiasis when the convenience and/or cosmetic elegance of a lotion is desired.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Piridonas/uso terapêutico , Tinha dos Pés/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Tópica , Animais , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Ciclopirox , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Método Duplo-Cego , Cobaias , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Piridonas/administração & dosagem , Piridonas/farmacologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Suínos , Equivalência Terapêutica , Trichophyton/efeitos dos fármacos
15.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol ; 29: 55-69, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2658778

RESUMO

Some practical applications of basic information in percutaneous absorption have been reviewed. Drug release from vehicles is discussed in relation to glucocorticosteroids. Penetration enhancers are reviewed with emphasis on the need for further investigations and applications of enhancers for clinical use. The role of the stratum corneum as a barrier to and a reservoir for drugs is discussed. Special problems in penetration as presented by regional anatomic variations, nails, and follicles are mentioned. Overall, we review some practical problems existing in the penetration of drugs through human skin.


Assuntos
Farmacocinética , Absorção Cutânea , Animais , Química Farmacêutica , Humanos
17.
Cutis ; 41(2): 132-6, 1988 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2964344

RESUMO

A gel formulation of erythromycin 2 percent was compared with its vehicle in a double-blind multicenter study involving patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris. In an analysis of 187 patients treated twice daily for 8 weeks, erythromycin 2 percent gel proved to be significantly more effective than vehicle in reducing the numbers of both inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions. After 8 weeks, 60 percent of erythromycin-treated patients had good or excellent responses compared with 36 percent of those using vehicle (p = 0.001); the lesions in two patients using erythromycin were completely cleared. The majority of patients had a favorable impression of the cosmetic characteristics of the gel formulation.


Assuntos
Acne Vulgar/tratamento farmacológico , Eritromicina/uso terapêutico , Administração Tópica , Adolescente , Adulto , Comportamento do Consumidor , Eritromicina/administração & dosagem , Eritromicina/efeitos adversos , Dermatoses Faciais/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Géis , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
18.
Physiol Behav ; 44(6): 829-31, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3249761

RESUMO

The temporal pattern of ultrasonic vocalizations by mice in an undisturbed 'home' environment can now be assessed using a system based on amplitude discrimination. Within a chosen frequency band, vocalizations of sufficient intensity are detected by an amplitude discriminator. The output from a pulse generator is sent to a microcomputer which records the time of the incoming event. The system has been validated for monitoring ultrasonic vocalizations in the mouse.


Assuntos
Coleta de Dados/instrumentação , Microcomputadores , Vocalização Animal , Animais , Camundongos , Fatores de Tempo
20.
Arch Dermatol ; 123(10): 1312-4, 1987 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3662563

RESUMO

Trade name glucocorticoid formulations triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, and betamethasone valerate were compared with their generic equivalents because of increasing substitution of generic formulations for trade name formulations. The vasoconstrictor assay was the method used for these comparisons. Large differences were found between generic and trade name formulations containing the same steroid in the same concentration in both cream and ointment vehicles. If generic substitutions are to be used for trade name formulations, the physician must be aware that significant differences in therapeutic effectiveness may be expected.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/análise , Equivalência Terapêutica , Administração Tópica , Valerato de Betametasona/análise , Portadores de Fármacos , Fluocinolona Acetonida/análise , Glucocorticoides , Humanos , Pomadas , Triancinolona Acetonida/análise , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...