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1.
Food Chem X ; 17: 100538, 2023 Mar 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36845497

RESUMO

Through their suggestive name, non-targeted methods (NTMs) do not aim at a predefined "needle in the haystack." Instead, they exploit all the constituents of the haystack. This new type of analytical method is increasingly finding applications in food and feed testing. However, the concepts, terms, and considerations related to this burgeoning field of analytical testing need to be propagated for the benefit of those associated with academic research, commercial development, or official control. This paper addresses frequently asked questions regarding terminology in connection with NTMs. The widespread development and adoption of these methods also necessitate the need to develop innovative approaches for NTM validation, i.e., evaluating the performance characteristics of a method to determine if it is fit-for-purpose. This work aims to provide a roadmap for approaching NTM validation. In doing so, the paper deliberates on the different considerations that influence the approach to validation and provides suggestions therefor.

2.
Foods ; 12(1)2022 Dec 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36613357

RESUMO

Food fraud, even when not in the news, is ubiquitous and demands the development of innovative strategies to combat it. A new non-targeted method (NTM) for distinguishing spelt and wheat is described, which aids in food fraud detection and authenticity testing. A highly resolved fingerprint in the form of spectra is obtained for several cultivars of spelt and wheat using liquid chromatography coupled high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Convolutional neural network (CNN) models are built using a nested cross validation (NCV) approach by appropriately training them using a calibration set comprising duplicate measurements of eleven cultivars of wheat and spelt, each. The results reveal that the CNNs automatically learn patterns and representations to best discriminate tested samples into spelt or wheat. This is further investigated using an external validation set comprising artificially mixed spectra, samples for processed goods (spelt bread and flour), eleven untypical spelt, and six old wheat cultivars. These cultivars were not part of model building. We introduce a metric called the D score to quantitatively evaluate and compare the classification decisions. Our results demonstrate that NTMs based on NCV and CNNs trained using appropriately chosen spectral data can be reliable enough to be used on a wider range of cultivars and their mixes.

3.
J AOAC Int ; 102(5): 1280-1285, 2019 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30940291

RESUMO

The detection of food fraud and undeclared food allergens is one of the major challenges for competent authorities. Because adulterations are continuously adapted to the methods used to uncover them, the accomplishment of this task has become increasingly difficult over time. In recent years, various new promising methods for the detection of multiple food adulterants and multiple food allergens have been developed. Some of them utilize LC-MS to identify specific marker peptides. However, these methods have yet to be validated and standardized. For this reason, the German officials have established a working group with the objective of validating methods through multilaboratory validation studies. The experts of the working group also aim for the first time to standardize validated methods and to develop general validation criteria. This manuscript will highlight the current work of the group. For this purpose, an overview is given on the principles and applications of the new mass spectrometric methods. Moreover, requirements and the present work of other institutions regarding method validation are described.


Assuntos
Alérgenos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Proteínas/análise , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/normas , Alemanha , Órgãos Governamentais , Humanos , Pessoal de Laboratório , Espectrometria de Massas/normas , Carne/análise , Plantas/química , Frutos do Mar/análise , Estudos de Validação como Assunto
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