RESUMO
Cytogenetic analysis of plants and tissue culture of Gentiana lutea, G. punctata, G. acaulis has been carried out. Culturing in vitro was found to result in the changes of chromosome number in the calluses of the species involved. Species specificity for variation of the cultured cell genomes was shown. Contribution of the original plant genotypes to the cytogenetic structure of the tissue culture was established. Gentiana callus tissues (except for in vitro culture of G. punctata, derived from plant of Breskul'ska population) were found to exhibit modal class with the cells of diploid and nearly diploid chromosome sets.
Assuntos
Cromossomos de Plantas , Variação Genética , Gentiana/genética , Ploidias , Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Cromossomos de Plantas/ultraestrutura , Gentiana/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cariotipagem , Metáfase/genética , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Especificidade da Espécie , Técnicas de Cultura de TecidosRESUMO
18S-25S rDNA of intact plants and tissue cultures of G. acaulis, G. punctata and G. lutea have been investigated by using blot-hybridization. The decrease of rDNA amount was found in the callus cultures as compared with the plants. In contrast to other species, G. lutea showed intragenome heterogeneity of rRNA genes as well as qualitative rDNA changes in tissue culture, in particular appearance of altered repeats. The relationship between the peculiarities of rRNA gene structure and their rearrangements in in vitro culture was suggested.
Assuntos
DNA de Plantas/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Gentiana/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Hibridização In Situ , Técnicas de Cultura de TecidosRESUMO
18S-25S rDNA sequence in genomes of G. lutea plants from different natural populations and from tissue culture has been studied with blot-hybridization method. It was shown that ribosomal repeats are represented by the variants which differ for their size and for the presence of additional HindIII restriction site. Genome of individual plant usually possesses several variants of DNA repeats. Interpopulation variability according to their quantitative ratio and to the presence of some of them has been shown. Modifications of the range of rDNA repeats not exceeding intraspecific variability were observed in callus tissues in comparison with the plants of initial population. Non-randomness of genome modifications in the course of cell adaptation to in vitro conditions makes it possible to some extent to forecast these modifications in tissue culture.
Assuntos
DNA de Plantas/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Genes de Plantas/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Gentiana/genética , RNA de Plantas/genética , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genéticaRESUMO
The comparative study of the genomes of intact plants-representatives of some species of the genus Gentiana L. as well as cultured cells of G. lutea and G. punctata was performed using restriction analysis. Species specificity of restriction fragment patterns for studied representatives of this genus was revealed. The differences between electrophoretic patterns of digested DNA purified from rhizome and leaves of G. lutea and G. punctata were found. The changes in genomes of G. lutea and G. punctata cells cultured in vitro compared with the genomes of intact plants were detected. The data obtained evidence that some of them may be of nonrandom character.
Assuntos
DNA de Plantas/genética , Genoma de Planta , Gentiana/genética , Células Cultivadas , Gentiana/citologia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Mapeamento por Restrição , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Data on the methods for obtaining microtubule mutants with the aim of studying the structural and functional properties of the microtubules and their components are generalized in the review. An analysis of mechanisms providing resistance of plant and animal cells to the compounds with antimicrotubular activity is made.
