Managing Drug Interactions With Oral Anticancer Treatments.

The use of oral anticancer treatments is widespread and vital to modern cancer treatment. Novel oral chemotherapy and targeted therapy treatments continue to receive US Food and Drug Administration approval every year, making knowledge of these agents a necessity for practitioners working in oncology. Many oral anticancer agents are prone to drug interactions that can contribute to adverse effects and decrease therapy efficacy. Potential drug-drug interactions include (1) interactions with CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers, (2) interactions related to gastric acid suppression, (3) interactions related to prolongation of the cardiac QT interval, (4) interactions related to anticoagulant medications, and (5) drug-food and drug-herb interactions. Identifying potential drug interactions and appropriately managing them is key to preventing adverse effects and ensuring maximum efficacy while on oral anticancer therapy. Management of adverse effects increases patient compliance, ensures medication safety, and allows patients to remain on therapy. This article discusses the mechanisms of interactions and types of interacting medications. Specific recommendations are discussed.

Updates in the management and future landscape of urothelial carcinoma.

Urothelial carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer type in the United States. Although most patients present with early stage disease which is associated with improved outcomes, many will progress to locally advanced or metastatic disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly impacted the treatment paradigm for patients and have resulted in improved survival rates. Despite their proven efficacy, many ongoing clinical trials continue to refine combinations with chemotherapy, sequencing of therapies and the role of ligand expression. Additionally, novel targets have been identified for advanced urothelial carcinoma and have led to the approval of the antibody-drug conjugate, enfortumab vedotin, and the fibroblast growth factor receptor-targeted, erdafitinib. Enrollment in a clinical trial is strongly encouraged for all stages of advanced or metastatic disease. Numerous ongoing clinical trials are likely to impact the treatment armamentarium for patients. In this manuscript, we highlight key updates in the clinical management for patients and outline ongoing trials.

The role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the management of mantle cell lymphoma.

Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that is generally classified as an aggressive lymphoma requiring front-line chemo-immunotherapy with stem cell rescue. Despite effective treatment, many patients relapse or are refractory to front-line therapy. In addition, these patients may also develop drug resistance requiring novel modalities for subsequent lines. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors have demonstrated a well-tolerated safety and efficacy profile across several B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, and zanubrutinib are FDA-approved as treatment options for patients with Mantle cell lymphoma following one prior line of therapy. Various factors should be considered which include the adverse event profile of these agents and ability to adhere to therapy. In this article, we review the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the management of Mantle cell lymphoma and review the clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy, and future directions.

A Comprehensive Study on Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins.

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Lungerich and Jux at the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg. The image depicts the synthetic feasibility with a "TATBP tuning shop", which shows the change of the four meso aryl substituents to modify the performance of the molecule. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201904718.

A Comprehensive Study on Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins.

Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (TATBPs) show, due to their optoelectronic properties, rising potential as dyes in various fields of physical and biomedical sciences. However, unlike in the case of porphyrins, the potential structural diversity of TATBPs has been explored only to little extent, owed mainly to synthetic hurdles. Herein, we prepared a comprehensive library of 30 TATBPs and investigated their fundamental properties. We elucidated structural properties by X-ray crystallography and found explanations for physical properties such as solubility. Fundamental electronic aspects were studied by optical spectroscopy as well as by electrochemistry and brought in context to the stability of the molecules. Finally, we were able to develop a universal synthetic protocol, utilizing a readily established isoindole synthon, which gives TATBPs in high yields, regardless of the nature of the used arylaldehyde and without meticulous chromatographic purifications steps. This work serves as point of orientation for scientists, that aim to utilize these molecules in materials, nanotechnological, and biomedical applications.