Investigation of Corneal Astigmatism in Chinese Patients With Primary Angle Closure Disease.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the demographics and distribution of corneal astigmatism before lens extraction in patients with primary angle closure disease (PACD). METHODS: Preoperative partial coherence interferometry was performed in patients with PACD. The demographic and biometric data, including corneal astigmatism and keratometry (K), were recorded. RESULTS: The study comprised 808 cases (1001 eyes) with a mean age of 67.66±9.07 years, and the mean axial length was 22.55±0.89 mm. The mean corneal astigmatism was 1.08±0.78 diopter (D). Corneal astigmatism was between 0.25 D and 1.25 D in 66.50% of the eyes, 1.25 D or higher in 29.68% of the eyes and <0.25 D in 3.82% of the eyes. The corneal astigmatism of primary angle closure suspect (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) were 1.08±0.77 D, 0.98±0.62 D, and 0.89±0.69 D, respectively. In total, 50.60% of the eyes were classified as astigmatism against the rule (ATR), 28.69% of the eyes were with the rule, and 20.71% of the eyes were oblique. ATR astigmatism increased significantly with age (P<0.001). After matching, corneal astigmatism of PACD was 1.07±0.77 D, although it was statistically significantly higher than that of ARC (0.98±0.66 D, P=0.018), the 2 demonstrated no clinical difference. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide normative data of corneal astigmatism for PACD patients. Corneal astigmatism was mainly distributed between 0.25 D and 1.25 D. The findings largely concur with published results in age-related cataract subjects.

Prevalence of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery in Chinese patients.

PURPOSE: To assess the demographics and distribution of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery in Chinese patients. SETTING: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. DESIGN: Clinic-based cross-sectional study. METHODS: From July 2009 to May 2011, preoperative bilateral partial coherence interferometry (IOLMaster) was performed in consecutive patients having cataract surgery. Patient demographics and keratometric data were recorded. RESULTS: The mean age of the 2849 patients (4831 eyes) was 70.56 years ± 9.55 (SD); there was a predominance of women patients (64.0%). The mean axial length was 23.58 ± 1.13 mm. The mean corneal astigmatism in this cohort was 1.01 D (range 0.05 to 6.59 D). Corneal astigmatism was between 0.25 D and 1.25 D in 67.7% of eyes, 1.25 D or higher in 27.5% eyes, and less than 0.25 D in 4.8% of eyes. Astigmatism was with the rule in 25.1% of eyes, against the rule (ATR) in 58.2% of eyes, and oblique in 16.7% of eyes. The mean steep keratometry measurement was 44.76 ± 1.56 D. Against-the-rule astigmatism increased significantly with older age. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal astigmatism largely fell between 0.25 D and 1.25 D in these predominantly elderly female Chinese patients, and ATR astigmatism increased with age. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Long-term efficacy of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis in the management of children with high anisometropic amblyopia.

BACKGROUND: Children with anisometropic amblyopia are often noncompliant with traditional treatment including spectacules and contact lenses. This study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for children with high anisometropic amblyopia. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 24 children with high unilateral anisometropic amblyopia, who underwent LASIK during the period between August 2000 and September 2005 in our hospital, was conducted. The mean age of these children was (7.4 +/- 1.9) years (range 5 - 14 years) and the mean follow-up period was (33.3 +/- 14.2) months (range 18.5 - 74.2 months). After LASIK, visual acuity, refraction and far or near stereoacuity were analyzed. Near stereoacuity was measured by the random-dot butterfly stereogram and the pre-school random-dot stereogram, while far stereoacuity was measured by the synoptophore with Yan's random-dot stereogram. RESULTS: Mean preoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 0.06 +/- 0.05, while mean postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was elevated to 0.43 +/- 0.33. Mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.26 +/- 0.22, while mean postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was elevated to 0.67 +/- 0.40. For patients with myopic anisometropia, preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was (-8.01 +/- 2.70) D while postoperative value significantly reduced to (-1.32 +/- 2.47) D. For patients with hyperopic anisometropia, preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was (+7.35 +/- 1.55) D while postoperative value significantly reduced to (+3.30 +/- 0.86) D. These results demonstrated that there was statistical difference in these parameters between preoperative and postoperative tests. At the last follow-up, 20 patients had near stereoacuity, and the mean near stereoacuities measured by the random-dot butterfly stereogram and the preschool random-dot stereogram were (149.00 +/- 152.93)'' and (201.05 +/- 235.94)'', respectively. In contrast, 11 patients had far stereoacuity, and the mean far stereoacuity measured by the synoptophore was (210.91 +/- 217.51)''. Three cases of patients developed mild corneal complications. CONCLUSION: LASIK for the correction of high anisometropia in children with monocular amblyopia may be safe and effective, and this can help effectively conduct postoperative amblyopia training and improve the cure rate.

[The clinic value of fixed visual field examination in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical value of fixed visual field examination on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy patient. METHODS: The fixed visual field examination was conducted on 27 thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy patients. RESULTS: When the ocular-motor deficit ratio is less than value -4, the patient's fixed visual field is between 0-15 degree; when the ocular-motor deficit ratio is less than value -3, the patient's fixed visual field is between 18-28 degree; when the ocular-motor deficit ratio is less than value -2, the patient's fixed visual field is between 28-38 degree; when the ocular-motor deficit ratio is less than value -1, the patient's fixed visual field is between 40-43 degree; when the ocular-motor system is normal, the patient's fixed visual is between 45-50 degree. CONCLUSION: The results from the fixed visual field examination can give direct and accurate evaluation on how and where the ocular muscle has been affected by the thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.