RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen (AAP)-induced oxidative stress can cause cell death to induce liver damage. The antioxidant effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) was shown in previous studies. In this study the effect of HS extract (HSE) on AAP-induced liver injury in BALB/c mice was investigated. RESULTS: In vivo, BALB/c mice were fed orally with 200, 400 or 600 mg kg(-1) HSE for 2 weeks and then injected with 1000 mg kg(-1) AAP. Pretreatment with HSE decreased lipid peroxidation and increased catalase activity and glutathione level. It also decreased AAP-induced liver injury, accompanied by decreased expression of pJNK, Bax and tBid in the liver. Additionally, HSE protected BALB/c normal liver cells from AAP-induced damage in vitro. CONCLUSION: It has been demonstrated that HSE can protect the mouse liver from AAP-induced injury and that the protective mechanism might involve decreasing oxidative stress and reducing cell death.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/tratamento farmacológico , Hibiscus , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Acetaminofen , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismo , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Flores , Glutationa/metabolismo , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMO
AIMS: Diagnosing peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and recognizing its associated risk factors in diabetes is important due to high cardiovascular disease and limb loss risk. However, both traditional and nontraditional risk factors have seldom been analyzed in the same diabetic cohort. The aim of this study was to examine the traditional and nontraditional risk factors for PAD in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Five hundred and eighty type 2 diabetic subjects aged >or=60 years were cross-sectionally studied. Diagnosis of PAD was by ankle-brachial index (ABI) <0.90 on either leg. The association between traditional and nontraditional risk factors of PAD was analyzed. RESULTS: Among the confounders, age, diabetes duration, HDL cholesterol, albuminuria, CKD (chronic kidney disease), hsCRP and insulin use differed between patients with and without PAD. Multiple logistic regression revealed that only CKD, insulin use, albuminuria, elevated hsCRP level (>3mg/l) and low HDL cholesterol were independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study highlight the importance of monitoring nontraditional risk factors of PAD in diabetes. Implementing effective interventions to improve management of these risk factors may lower the risk for PAD.
