Clinical repercussions and epidemiological considerations of supernumerary canines: A 26 case series.

BACKGROUND: To establish the prevalence of supernumerary canines (SNC) in a sector of the population of Madrid (Spain), as well possible complications associated with this unusual developmental variation. STUDY DESIGN: This observational study was performed between 2005 and 2017, among 21,615 patients seeking dental treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain), and at the Virgen de la Paloma Hospital, Madrid (Spain); 22 patients with 26 SNCs were diagnosed. These 22 patients underwent clinical and radiological exploration, registering patient data. RESULTS: SNCs presented a prevalence of 0.10% of the study population. The supernumerary teeth (SNT) were located in the upper maxilla more frequently (61.54%) than the mandible (38.46%). 69.23% were found to be impacted, also causing the impaction of the permanent canine in 53.85% of these cases. In 15.38%, follicular expansion > 3mm was observed. SNCs were associated with other SNT in only four patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite of the fact that the SNCs are usually diagnosed casually in the course of radiological exploration, in the present study over half of them (53.85%) caused impaction of the permanent canine. Early diagnosis allows optimal patient management and treatment planning, with intervention at an appropriate time to prevent complications in development and so reduce later treatment need.

[Treatment with low-protein diet and caloric supplements in patients with chronic kidney failure in predialysis. Comparative study]. / Tratamiento con dieta hipoproteica y suplementos calóricos en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica en prediálisis. Estudio comparativo.

The low-protein diet (LPD) is used in patients with advanced chronic renal failure (CRF) to improve their symptoms and decrease the progression of CRF. LPD entails the risk for caloric malnutrition, which increases protein catabolism. Two groups were obtained from a total of 33 patients with CRF with LPD (0.6 g protein/kg/day): control group (group C), which went on with the same diet, and a group S, in which a portion of proteins and calories were provided through a low-protein and hypercaloric supplement (Suplena). During 6 months the protein intake and the evolution of the nutritional status and renal function were studied and compared between both groups. Additionally, tolerance and secondary effects of the supplement were studied in group S. Twenty-two patients (eleven in each group) completed the six month follow-up. At the end of the study, group S had the nutritional parameters better preserved, came closer to the low-protein diet objective, had a better compliance with therapy and had a less marked decrease in renal function--as measured by creatinine clearance--than group C. Tolerance to supplement was good in more than 70% of patients and secondary effects--nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite--occurred in 18% of patients at the end of the 6 months. We conclude that the use of this supplement in an LPD is usually well tolerated, enhances the compliance with the diet and can be of benefit for the mebacolic-nutritional status.

A comparative study on the effect of various pharmacological agents on the survival of skin flaps in the rat.

The effects of chlorpromazine, pentoxifylline, terbutaline, allopurinol, phenoxybenzamine, naftidrofuryl, hydralazine and trimetazidine were investigated on caudally based dorsal flaps. The study was performed on 108 rats, divided in 9 groups of 12 animals each, one of which served as a control group. All treated groups showed a significantly greater survival of the flap than the control group. Comparisons among different groups showed better outcome in those receiving trimetazidine and hydralazine, followed by those receiving naftidrofuryl and phenoxybenzamine.

[The value of patent-blue and transcutaneous pO2 in predicting the viability of skin flaps treated pharmacologically]. / Valor del patent-blue y de la pO2 transcutánea en la predicción de la viabilidad de los colgajos cutáneos tratados farmacológicamente.

The effect of the patent-blue and the transcutaneous pO2 in the prediction of random flaps viability in the rat were studied. A control group of 12 rats and 8 study groups of 12 rats each were used. Different drugs were injected in the study groups: chlorpromazine, pentoxifylline, terbutaline, allopurinol, phenoxybenzamine, naftidrofuryl, hydralazine and trimetazidine. The stained area of the flap was significantly greater with pentoxifylline, phenoxybenzamine and trimetazidine. The surviving area was notably larger than the stained area, without any correlation between them. The preoperative values of pO2 showed a wide distribution, decreasing considerably in the immediate postoperative. After 48 hours pO2 values at least reached the preoperative levels. No correlation between pO2 measurements and the surviving area of the flap were observed.

Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap: vascular anatomy and experimental viability.

The effect of the ligature of various vessels on the survival of the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was studied in 33 rabbits. To this end, in one group an island flap was lifted with no vessel ligated; in another the vessels leading to the muscle were ligated; in a third, those leading to the skin; and in a fourth all the vessels together. In another 12 flaps vascularization was studied by means of diaphanization. A greater viable area was found in those groups as opposed to the group in which the cutaneous vessels were ligated. The viability of the flaps was evaluated using disulphine-blue, administered intra-arterially by means of a perfusion pump in 12 cases, and manually in another 12. Neither of the two methods proved to be exact. The vascularization study showed the secondary role of musculocutaneous perforating arteries in skin perfusion, explaining the results observed.