Incidence and risk factors for mortality in patients treated with combined ceftaroline for Gram-positive infective endocarditis.

BACKGROUND: Ceftaroline is a fifth-generation cephalosporin and represents an alternative in the treatment of infective endocarditis (IE). The main objective of this study was to describe the incidence of in-hospital and 42-day mortality in patients with IE treated with ceftaroline. METHODS: An observational retrospective study included adult patients with IE admitted during a 3.5-year period (January 2018-June 2021) and treated with ceftaroline in a single center. All cases were definite or possible IE according to the modified Duke criteria. RESULTS: Seventy cases were analyzed. The mean age was 67.35 ± 16.62 (16-89) and 39 (55.7%) were males. The mean number of days of treatment with ceftaroline was 21.26 ± 16.17 (1-75). Overall mortality at 42 days was 30%, 20.7% in the first line, and 36.6% in rescue therapy. Predictors of 42 days-mortality were increased Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (OR of 1.7 per 1 point increment, 95% CI 1.2-2.4, P 0.001), presence of methicillin-resistance (OR 6.8, 95% CI 1.3-36.8, P 0.026) and evidence of septic shock (OR 8.6 95% CI 1.7-44.2, P 0.01). Predictors of 42 days of therapeutic failure were the increase in the CCI (OR of 1.6 per 1 point increment, 95% CI 1.3-2.1, P 0.000) and septic shock (OR 4.5 95% CI 1.1-18 P 0.036). Adverse effects were described in 6/70 (8.6%) of the patients, precipitating in 4/70 (5.7%) the definitive withdrawal of the antibiotic. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of in-hospital and 42 day-mortality of IE patients treated with ceftaroline remains similar to literature data. Increased CCI, septic shock, and methicillin resistance are associated with poor prognosis.

Oral health-related quality of life after dental treatment in patients with intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: The influence of dental treatment on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) has rarely been evaluated in patients with intellectual disability (ID) through validated questionnaires. The aim of this study was to estimate the changes on OHRQOL in patients with ID after the implementation of an institutional dental treatment program under general anesthesia using the Franciscan Hospital for Children Oral Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (FHCOHRQOL-Q). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 85 patients (mean age=24.85 years) classified according to DSM-V whose parents/caregivers completed the FHC-OHRQOL-Q. We analyzed the changes in the questionnaire's overall score and its dimensions from pre-treatment to 12-months of follow-up, considering effect sizes and minimal important differences estimated by the standard measurement error. The impact of clinical and therapeutic factors was evaluated using univariate and multiple linear regression analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: Significant improvement of OHRQOL was found after dental treatment in oral symptoms (p0.001), daily life problems (p=0.018), parent's perceptions (p=0.013) and FHCOHRQOL-Q´s overall score (p=0.001). OHRQOL changes exhibited an intermediate magnitude (0.38-0.21) as estimated by effect sizes. Changes in oral symptoms showed positive correlation with DMFT index (r=0.375, p=0.002), decayed teeth (r=0.244, p=0.036), dental extractions (r=0.424, p<0.001) and number of treatments (r=0.255, p=0.019). The improvement was greater in patients with 4 decayed teeth (p=0.049) and undergoing 2 dental extractions (p=0.002). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that dental extractions (p<0.001) and DMFT index (p=0.028) were significantly related to oral symptom improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Dental treatment under general anesthesia showed a positive effect on the overall FHC-OHRQOL-Q score and most of its dimensions. At 12-months of follow-up, the improvement of oral symptoms was significantly associated with DMFT index, decayed teeth, dental extractions and number of treatments. In our clinical setting, the implementation of a dental treatment program enhanced the OHRQOL of patients with ID.

Validation of the Spanish version of the Franciscan Hospital for Children Oral Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The Franciscan Hospital for Children Oral Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire (FHC-OHRQOL-Q) is an instrument designed specifically for parents and caregivers of patients with special needs that has not yet been applied in Spain. The aim of this study was to adapt it to Spanish and evaluate its reliability and validity in patients with intellectual disability (ID) treated under general anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in two different stages: a) cross-cultural adaptation of the original questionnaire, and b) cross-sectional study on 100 parents and caregivers who completed the piloted FHC-OHRQOL-Q. The patients were examined according to the WHO methodology. Dental treatments performed were recorded. Statistical tests were used to evaluate reliability (internal consistency) and validity (content, criterion, construct and discriminant) of the instrument. RESULTS: The mean age was 24 years (range=4-71 years). The most frequent causes of ID were psychomotor retardation (25%) and cerebral palsy (24%). The items most frequently answered by parents and caregivers were eating and nutrition problems (80%) and bad breath/taste (57%). Reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) was considered excellent (alpha=0.80-0.95). The analysis of the factorial validity yielded similar results to the original questionnaire. The high response rate of items (>96%) allowed content validity. Criterion validity was confirmed by a significant correlation with questions on oral health and oral well-being. Discriminant validity was demonstrated by the significant association of ≥21.5 years of age with worse oral symptoms (p=0.034) and parental concerns (p=0.005), DMFT index ≥3 with daily life problems (p=0.02), ≥4 decayed teeth with daily life problems (p=0.001), and >2 dental extractions with oral symptoms (p=0.000), daily life problems (p=0.002) and parent's perceptions (p=0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The FHC-OHRQOL-Q in Spanish is a reliable and valid instrument to apply in clinical practice to evaluate the impact of OHRQOL in mostly adult patients with ID, accessible to Spanish-speaking parents and caregivers.

Preventive dental management of osteonecrosis of the jaws related to zoledronic acid treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of preventive dental management on reducing the incidence and delaying the onset of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in patients treated with intravenous zoledronic acid (ZA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center clinical study included 255 patients with cancer monitored over a 6-year period. Patients received dental treatment prior to (group A) or after (group B) the initiation of ZA therapy. Dental treatments performed, incidence proportion (IP), and incidence rate (IR) in both groups were analyzed using significance tests. BRONJ onset was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and log-rank test. Independent risk factors to develop BRONJ were evaluated using Cox regression analysis models. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients suffered from BRONJ (IP = 14.5%), 7.3% in group A and 36.5% in group B (p = .000). The IR was 0.007 patients/month in group B and 0.004 in group A. BRONJ-free survival at 3 years was 97% in group A and 66% in group B. Survival curves were significant (p = .056) according to log-rank test. Multivariate Cox models showed that dental extractions (p = .000) were significant. CONCLUSIONS: BRONJ occurred significantly in patients who underwent dental extractions after the initiation of ZA and did not accomplish a preventive dental program.

Osteonecrosis de los maxilares asociada al uso de bifosfonatos: revisión de ocho casos / Bisphosphonate-related jaw osteonecrosis: review of eight cases

Introducción: A finales de 2003 se comienzan a publicar en forma creciente los primeros casos de exposición ósea en los maxilares con evolución tórpida, asociados al uso de bifosfonatos por vía intravenosa. Estos fármacos son usados en pacientes con osteoporosis, mieloma múltiple, hipercalcemia maligna y cáncer de pulmón, mama y próstata, principalmente por su capacidad de inhibir la resorción ósea. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo de los pacientes en el Hospital Virgen Macarena que presentaban lesiones maxilares asociadas al uso de bifosfonatos desde el año 2006 hasta la actualidad. Las variables que valoramos en el paciente son: sexo, edad, tratamiento con bifosfonatos, inicio de la osteonecrosis, relación con tratamientos dentales, tratamiento realizado y evolución. Resultados: Se estudiaron 8 pacientes con osteonecrosis maxilar secundaria a tratamiento con bifosfonatos intravenosos u orales por su patología previa oncológica u osteoporótica que fueron tratados según su estadio clínico-radiológico con antibioterapia, legrado y/o exéresis del secuestro según el caso. Presentamos los resultados con un seguimiento mínimo de 15 meses. Conclusiones: El aumento en la incidencia de la osteomielitis maxilar en los pacientes asociados al uso de bifosfonatos y la dificultad para su tratamiento hacen necesario establecer pautas terapéuticas estandarizadas. En nuestra experiencia, el tratamiento conservador basado en la antibioterapia además del legrado de la zona bajo anestesia local permite el control y la curación del proceso en algunos de los pacientes con OMRB grado II(AU)

Background: In late 2003, an increasing number of case reports began to appear on bone exposure of the jaw with a torpid evolution in association with intravenous bisphosphonate use. Bisphosphonates are used to inhibit bone resorption in patients with osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, hypercalcemia of malignancy, lung cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer. Material and methods: A prospective study was made of patients from Hospital Virgen Macarena who presented bisphosphonate associated jaw lesions from 2006 to the present. The patient variables examined were: sex, age, bisphosphonate treatment, onset of osteonecrosis and its relation to dental treatment, treatment, and outcome. Results: Eight patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to treatment with intravenous or oral bisphosphonates for oncologic or osteoporotic pathology were treated according to their clinical and radiological findings with antibiotics and curettage and/or excision of sequestered bone, as needed. Results with a minimum follow up of 15 months are reported. Conclusions: The increased incidence of maxillary osteomyelitis in patients treated with bisphosphonates and the difficulty of treatment make it necessary to establish standard therapeutic guidelines. In the authors' experience, conservative treatment based on antibiotic therapy and/or curettage of the area under local anesthesia can adequately control and resolve the process in some patients with stage II BRJO(AU)