Experimental investigation of performance, emissions, combustion characteristics, cyclic variations, and exergy efficiency of CI engine fueled with Karanja-camphor oil blends and diesel-camphor oil blends.

This article compares the influence of blending the low-viscous oxygenated camphor oil with hydrocarbon diesel fuel and high-viscous oxygenated Karanja oil. The experiment is conducted in a four-stroke one-cylinder naturally aspirated Kirloskar compression ignition (CI) engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer. The three types of fuel blends are prepared by blending the camphor oil with Karanja oil on the volume ratio of 30:70 (C30K70), 50:50 (C50K50), and 70:30 (C70K30), and the other three types of fuels are prepared by blending the camphor oil with diesel on the volume ratio of 30:70 (C30D70), 50:50 (C50D50), and 70:30 (C70D30). The experimental efficiency results show higher thermal efficiency of 31.86% and 30.84% for C70D30 and C70K30 at rated operating conditions. The brake-specific energy consumptions of C70D30 and C70K30 were found to be 11.29 and 11.67 MJ/kWh, respectively, at rated operating conditions. The lowest CO, CO2, HC, and smoke emissions are found for C70D30 at rated operating conditions, which are 96.58%, 6.15%, 34.20%, and 7.59% lower than diesel. However, the NO emissions were found to be 27.62% higher for C70D30 than diesel at full load. The rate of pressure rise, net heat release rate, and cyclic variations were found to increase with increase in proportion of the camphor oil. The P-v diagram also confirms the lower heat addition period for the C70D30 and C70K30 with an increase in brake thermal efficiency. The actual compression ratio and the actual cutoff ratio are found to have a reasonable correlation with the thermal efficiency of the engine. The exergy efficiency of C30K70 is found higher which is 2.11% higher than diesel fuel at rated power. Second-order polynomial equations were obtained for the engine characteristics using the curve fitting method, and the characteristic equations confirmed the confidence level of 95%.

Effect of grooving on the inner surface of the spherical capsule filled with DI water for rapid heat transfer in cool thermal energy storage applications.

The demand for cooling applications increases severalfold; the integration of the CTES system will mitigate the demand and pollution caused by the building sectors. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of grooving on the inner surface of the spherical capsule on the solidification characteristics of deionized (DI) water, which finds widespread use in the bed of cool thermal energy storage applications. Eight hemispheres made of mild steel of 100-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness are used to make four spherical capsules by the welding process for the study. Among the four capsules, one with a plain surface and the remaining with a groove depth of 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.7 mm are made. The grooving in the hemispherical capsule is obtained by the turning operation. The experiments are conducted at various bath temperatures of - 6 °C, - 9 °C, and - 12 °C. The experimental result reveals that the surface modification leads to a significant reduction in solidification time, and in particular, the maximum percentage reduction in solidification time is achieved at - 6 °C. The provision of grooves makes the evaporator operate at - 6 °C instead of - 12 °C till the solidification of 75% mass and the predicted energy saving is 18 to 24%. As the enhancement of heat transfer rate techniques is carbon-free, the recycling of the PCM will have zero impact on environmental pollution.