RESUMO
Etiological theories of suicide are reviewed from epidemiological, individual (both biological and psychological), and psychosocial perspectives. Cohort and population-model approaches as explanations for the two- to three-fold increase in completed suicide rates observed in adolescents and young adults over the past 25 years are presented. The results of the authors' study of suicides in adolescents and young adults in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, to test these hypotheses are summarized. This study revealed marked cohort differences in suicide rates and provided partial support for the "population-model" approach. Differences between suicide rates in adolescents and other age groups are discussed, as are data from some minority groups. The role of depression in adolescents and various studies of diagnostic approaches (e.g., structured diagnostic assessments, biological markers, clues during intensive psychotherapy or psychoanalysis, studies of high-risk diagnostic groups) are reviewed. Lastly, treatment employing individual, family, and group approaches to classical psychoanalytic or cognitive psychotherapy as well as the role of pharmacological treatments are considered.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Suicídio/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Criança , Transtorno Depressivo/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Masoquismo , Ohio , Dinâmica Populacional , Teoria Psicológica , Psicoterapia/métodos , Regressão Psicológica , Sadismo , Suicídio/epidemiologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Estados Unidos , Prevenção do SuicídioRESUMO
The standard method of referral used by workers at the Cleveland Suicide Prevention Center is to call the facility or therapist to make an appointment for the client and then to follow up to see if the client kept the appointment. Three different patient samples were studied to find what percentage of patients were actually seen at the resource to which they were referred. The success rates were 69.5%, 63.4%, and 62.3%. The authors review some of the literature on referral rates and report that their rates are significantly higher than those reported by screening agencies that merely direct clients to another resource.
Assuntos
Intervenção em Crise , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Prevenção do Suicídio , Agendamento de Consultas , Serviços de Emergência Psiquiátrica , Hospitalização , Humanos , Ambulatório Hospitalar , Cooperação do Paciente , PsicoterapiaRESUMO
The authors assessed the frequency of suicide subsequent to calls to a poison information center in a follow-up study. The 8 confirmed suicides out of 2,177 calls yielded a rate of 66.8 per 100,000 population--significantly higher than that for the general population. In addition, 15 possible or probable suicides were identified. The authors note that poison center callers seem to constitute a pool of significantly suicidal persons and reaffirm the premise that poison centers and suicide centers should coordinate their efforts.
