Levels of formaldehyde vapor released from embalmed cadavers in each dissection stage.

Formaldehyde (FA) is an aldehyde used in antiseptics and adhesives. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other institutes have linked FA to sick building syndrome and allergic diseases. Recent studies have reported that cadavers embalmed using formalin and ethanol-based preservative solutions release FA vapor during dissection and that FA vapor may adversely affect students and lecturers in gross anatomy laboratories. However, few details have been reported correlating dissection stage with increased FA vapor release. In this study, we evaluated the vapor level of FA released in each dissection stage. Six cadavers for which consent was given for use in anatomy research and education were examined in this study. Using an active sampling method, FA vapor was collected above the thoracoabdominal region of each dissected cadaver. FA was eluted from each sampler using acetonitrile and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Our data show that FA levels significantly increase after skin incision and that the vapor level of FA released differs between male and female cadavers. We also found that subcutaneous adipose tissues of the thoracoabdominal-region release FA vapor and that female cadavers release significantly higher levels of FA per kilogram of subcutaneous adipose tissue than do male cadavers. Based on these data, we propose the methods be developed to prevent exposure to FA vapors released from cadavers.

Interpretation of multi-detector computed tomography images before dissection may allow detection of vascular anomalies: a postmortem study of anomalous origin of the right subclavian artery and the right vertebral artery.

The Graduate School of Medicine at Chiba University is planning to introduce computed tomography (CT) images of donated cadavers to the gross anatomy laboratory. Here we describe an anomaly of the right subclavian artery that was detected by interpretation of CT images prior to dissection. The anomaly was verified to be the right subclavian artery, as the last branch of the aortic arch, by subsequent dissection of the cadaver. We also identified an anomalous origin of the right vertebral artery by dissection. This anomaly was also visible on CT images, although it had not been recognized in the first interpretation of the CT images. Our results suggest that branching anomalies of arteries with a diameter of >1 cm are detectable on CT images even without the injection of contrast medium. We also discuss the utility of interpreting CT images prior to dissection as a means by which medical students can gain a better understanding of human body during the gross anatomy laboratory.