RESUMO
Anopheles subpictus Grassi is shown to comprise four reproductively distinct species, designated A, B, C and D, occurring sympatrically in villages of Pondicherry, southeast India. Adult females were reared individually from wild larvae and examined for their morphological and chromosomal characters. Paracentric fixed inversions on the X-chromosome serve to distinguish the species cytogenetically, with no inversion heterozygotes (i.e. no interspecific hybrids) among totals of 717 species A (X+a, +b), 1863 species B (Xa, b), 869 species C (Xa, +b) and 1365 species D (X+a, b) identified. Morphologically, diagnostic characters for each of the four species are seen in the egg float ridge number, larval mesothoracic seta 4, pupal seta 7-I and the palpi of female adults. Species A, C and D immatures inhabit freshwater, whereas the malaria vector species B breeds in saltwater and was found only in coastal villages.
Assuntos
Anopheles/anatomia & histologia , Anopheles/fisiologia , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Óvulo/citologia , Cromossomo X , Animais , Anopheles/genética , Inversão Cromossômica , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Larva , Pupa , Especificidade da EspécieAssuntos
Anopheles/genética , Insetos Vetores/genética , Malária/transmissão , Cromossomo Y , Animais , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Índia , Cariotipagem , MasculinoRESUMO
Cytogenetic observations on an extensive material of the Anopheles culicifacies complex from the Thenpennai river area, Tamil Nadu, South India show that the populations are made up of four cytologically distinct species. Three of these, labeled A, B and C have already been described. A fourth one, monomorphic for the inversion arrangement +a +b in the X chromosome and il + hl in the second chromosome, is designated as D, another morphologically indistinguishable sibling species. Each sibling species is characterized by a species-specific type of Y-chromosome. Both of these criteria, inversions and Y-chromosomes can be used to distinguish these important malaria vectors.
Assuntos
Anopheles/genética , Cromossomos , Animais , Inversão Cromossômica , Cromossomos/ultraestrutura , Citogenética , CariotipagemAssuntos
Culex/genética , Cor de Olho , Mutação , Animais , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Variação GenéticaAssuntos
Cor , Culex/genética , Larva/genética , Mutação , Animais , Feminino , Genes Dominantes , Genes Recessivos , Ligação Genética , Endogamia , Masculino , FenótipoAssuntos
Culex/genética , Cor de Olho , Genes Recessivos , Mutação , Animais , Feminino , Ligação Genética , Masculino , Recombinação Genética , Cromossomos SexuaisAssuntos
Anopheles/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , MasculinoAssuntos
Anopheles/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Cloreto de Sódio , Animais , Feminino , Água Doce , Masculino , Água do MarAssuntos
Culex/genética , Variação Genética , Mutação , Animais , Cor de Olho , Feminino , Genes Letais , Genes Recessivos , Larva , Masculino , PigmentaçãoAssuntos
Anopheles/genética , Animais , Anopheles/classificação , Cruzamento , Feminino , Índia , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Reciprocal translocations and inversions were induced in Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann by irradiation of males with X rays. A total of 1669 sperm were assayed, and 175 new aberrations were identified as follows: 102 reciprocal translocations (67 autosomal and 35 sex-linked), 45 pericentric inversions, and 28 paracentric inversions. Eleven of the translocations were nearly whole-arm interchanges, and these were selected for the construction of "capture systems" for compound chromosomes. Two double-heterozygous translocation strains and four homozygous translocation strains were established. Anopheles albimanus females were irradiated, and a pseudolinkage scheme involving mutant markers was employed to identify reciprocal translocations. The irradiation of females was very inefficient; only one translocation was recovered from 1080 ova tested.
Assuntos
Anopheles/genética , Inversão Cromossômica , Translocação Genética/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Anopheles/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , MasculinoAssuntos
Culicidae/parasitologia , Controle de Mosquitos , Nematoides , Animais , Larva/parasitologiaAssuntos
Aedes , Entomologia/instrumentação , Densidade Demográfica , Aedes/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , OviposiçãoRESUMO
Cycling populations of Aedes aegypti were set up in cages and managed in such a way that the populations had a maximum of threefold recovery potential in response to control measures. Into three such populations daily releases were made of males which had been chemosterilised, or were double translocation heterozygotes (T1T3) or T1T3 with sex ration distortion (DT1T3). Eradication of the populations was achieved with all cases, but the rate of suppression was markedly slower with T1T3 than the other two systems, with which the rates were similar. T1T3 and DT1T3 releases introduced considerable inherited genetic loads into the target populations. The results were in general agreement with computer predictions.
Assuntos
Aedes , Controle de Insetos , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Animais , Esterilizantes Químicos , Cromossomos , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Genótipo , Meiose , Mutagênicos , Razão de Masculinidade , Translocação Genética , Trietilenofosforamida/farmacologiaRESUMO
Studies with Aedes aegypti were undertaken to determine if an alien genotype can be (1) incorporated into a natural population and (2) maintained for several generations on its own without any subsequent introductions. Such information is an essential prerequisite for successful application of any genetic control method. Data from a walk-in, field population cage and from field releases of a genetic marker and a chromosomal translocation have demonstrated both genetic incorporation and persistence for at least three successive generations. This is the first demonstration of its type with any vector species.