Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Quality of Obturation Using Different Pediatric Rotary File Systems in Primary Teeth.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To compare and evaluate the efficacy of three different pediatric rotary file systems in primary molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty extracted mandibular primary molars were selected and divided into three groups with ten teeth each, instrumented with Kedo SG Blue rotary files, Pro AF Baby gold rotary files, and Pedo Flex rotary files, respectively. Root canal obturation was done with zinc-oxide eugenol cement and the quality of obturation was assessed using CBCT based on the extent of filling as underfilled or optimally filled and the presence or absence of voids within the filling. The data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: Among the three groups, the Kedo SG Blue group showed more number of optimally filled teeth with minimal voids (p < 0.05) followed by the Pro AF Baby gold group and Pedo Flex group. CONCLUSION: Within the study limitations, the Kedo SG Blue group showed ideal endodontic obturation when compared with Pro AF baby gold and Pedo Flex rotary file systems. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The present study will guide the pedodontists regarding the efficacy of pediatric rotary file systems and their usage protocols. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Vaishali Naidu D, Sharada Reddy J, Patloth T, et al. Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Quality of Obturation Using Different Pediatric Rotary File Systems in Primary Teeth. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):542-547.

Comparison of staining potential of silver diamine fluoride versus silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide under tooth-colored restorations: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is one of the effectual cariostatic agents widely used in minimal intervention dentistry. However, the major drawback of SDF is dark staining after its application. AIM: In the present study, the staining of 38% SDF alone and 38% SDF and potassium iodide (KI) was compared after restoration with glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin composite using ImageJ software. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Forty extracted carious primary teeth were sorted into four groups. In Group I and II, SDF was applied and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. In Group III and IV, SDF application was followed by KI and restored with GIC and composite restorations, respectively. Images were captured after initial applications on day 1 and day 14 after restoration. The captured images were imported to ImageJ software and mean gray values were calculated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The mean gray values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using paired t-test and independent sample t-test. There was statistically significant if P < 0.05. RESULTS: Following the application of SDF and RIVA STAR, the baseline mean gray values showed no statistical significance. On day 1, the mean gray values were highest in Group IV (208.30) and lowest in Group I (178.51). Similarly, on day 14, the highest mean gray values were observed in Group IV (208.45) and lowest in Group I (147.6) which were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The restorations after SDF application attained dark stain eventually, whereas with the application of SDF followed by KI (RIVA STAR), the restorations showed the least staining.

Protein Network Studies on PCOS Biomarkers With S100A8, Druggability Assessment, and RNA Aptamer Designing to Control Its Cyst Migration Effect.

The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been gradually increasing among adult females worldwide. Laparoscopy drilling on ovary is the only available temporary solution with a high incidence of reoccurrence. S100A8 with S100A9 complex is believed to facilitate the cyst migration in PCOS condition. The high evident protein interaction network studies between PCOS biomarkers, cancer invasion markers, and the interactors of S100A8 confirm that this protein has strong interaction with other selective PCOS biomarkers, which may be associative in the immature cyst invasion process. Through the network studies, intensive structural and pathway analysis, S100A8 is identified as a targetable protein. In this research, the non-SELEX in silico method is adapted to construct RNA Library based on the consensus DNA sequence of Glucocorticoid Response Element (GRE) and screened the best nucleotide fragments which are bound within the active sites of the target protein. Selected sequences are joined as a single strand and screened the one which competitively binds with minimal energy. In vitro follow-up of this computational research, the designed RNA aptamer was used to infect the MCF7 cell line through Lipofectamine 2000 mediated delivery to study the anti-cell migration effect. Wound Scratch assay confirms that the synthesized 18-mer oligo has significant inhibition activity toward tumor cell migration at the cellular level.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of glass ionomer cement added with propolis, chitosan, and chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An in vitro study.

CONTEXT: Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is known for its antimicrobial activity due to its low pH and fluoride release. The fluoride released has an inhibitory effect on a finite number of bacteria which leads to the risk of recurrent caries. Additives such as chlorhexidine (CHX) and triclosan have been tried to maximize the antibacterial activity of GIC. Although CHX is known for its impressive antimicrobial action, it has adverse after effects which include alteration of commensal oral flora, staining of teeth, etc., Hence, there is a need for a material with improved antimicrobial efficacy with nominal side effects. AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of conventional GIC added with Propolis, Chitosan (CH), and CHX against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty discs of size 10 × 2 mm are prepared with Conventional GIC and GIC added with Propolis, CH and CHX (n = 10) and tested against S. mutans and L. acidophilus using the agar diffusion assay. Zones of inhibition are measured for day 1, 7, and 14, and the data were tabulated and analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way ANOVA test for intragroup and Tukey's post hoc test for intergroup comparison. RESULTS: The mean value of zone of inhibition (in mm) against S. mutans on day 14 for Group I, II, III, and IV are 11.70 ± 1.49, 16.50 ± 2.23, 19.30 ± 2.87, and 15.60 ± 2.76, respectively. For L. acidophilus, the mean value of the zone of inhibition (in mm) on day 14 are 8.40 ± 0.97, 9.70 ± 0.68, 16.20 ± 2.04, and 12.50 ± 0.97 for Group I, II, III, and IV, respectively. CONCLUSION: Higher antimicrobial activity was shown by GIC with CHX against both strains. GIC with Propolis and GIC with CH were effective in inhibiting S. mutans and L. acidophilus, respectively.

Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomers, Compomers and Giomers - An Invitro Study.

BACKGROUND: Dental restorative materials, especially those applied in direct contact with the contaminated substrate, should have appropriate antibacterial activity in order to prevent residual bacteria from continuing their metabolic activity in addition to impairing new bacteria from reaching the tooth-restoration interface. AIM: To determine the antibacterial efficacy of three different restorative materials against the common cariogenic microorganism i.e., Streptococcus mutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three different restorative materials were evaluated in this study: Giomer (Beautifil), Compomer (F2000) & Resin modified Glass ionomer (Fuji II LC) for their anti microbial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans by standard agar diffusion method and zones of inhibition for each restorative material were calculated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Inhibition zones around each restorative material were measured and values were subjected to one-way ANOVA with least square difference (LSD) Post-hoc test. RESULTS: The mean inhibitory zones for Resin modified glass ionomers, Giomers & Compomers ranged from 10.1 - 6.90mm. Fuji II LC exhibited the highest mean inhibitory zone of 10.1 ± 1.97 for S.mutans. Beautifil exhibited mean inhibitory zone of 8.20 ± 1.62, whereas F2000 showed the least mean inhibitory zone of 6.90 ± 1.29. CONCLUSION: Based on the inhibitory zones of three restorative materials, Fuji II LC is recommended as the best restorative material among the three tested restorative materials.

Synthesis, structure activity relationship and mode of action of 3-substitutedphenyl-1-(2,2,8,8-tetramethyl-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-6-yl)-propenones as novel anticancer agents in human leukaemia HL-60 cells.

A novel class of 3-substitutedphenyl-1-(2,2,8,8-tetramethyl-3,4,9,10-tetrahydro-2H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-6-yl)-propenones were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the human cancer cell lines of diverse origin. Structure activity relationship was elucidated with various substitutions on the benzene ring and these variations significantly affected the potency. Most of the twelve tested compounds inhibited the growth of aggressive cancer cell lines. Moreover, three compounds 4j, 4k and 4l displayed excellent cytotoxic profile by inhibiting >90% cell proliferation in HL-60 and Caco-2 cells at 50 µM concentration. Further studies to elucidate the mode of action revealed that these three compounds induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which was accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation and nuclear morphology in HL-60 cells.

Agrobacterium mediated transformation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) embryo axes.

Embryo axes of four accessions of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were treated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains C58C1/GV2260 carrying the plasmid p35SGUSINT and EHA101 harbouring the plasmid pIBGUS. In both vectors the GUS gene is interrupted by an intron. After inoculation shoot formation was promoted on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/l BAP under a selection pressure of 100 mg/l kanamycin or 10 mg/l phosphinothricin, depending on the construct used for transformation. Expression of the chimeric GUS gene was confirmed by histochemical localization of GUS activity in regenerated shoots. Resistant shoots were grafted onto 5-day-old dark-grown seedlings, and mature plants could be recovered. T-DNA integration was confirmed by Southern analysis by random selection of putative transformants. The analysis of 4 plantlets of the T1 progeny revealed that none of them was GUS-positive, whereas the presence of the nptII gene could be detected by polymerase chain reaction.

Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Five genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) PG1, PG5, PG12, N59 and C235 were evaluated for induction of somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from immature cotyledons of genotypes PG12 and C235 and immature embryo axes of genotypes PG5, PG12 and C235. Genotypes N59 and PG1 showed no response. The maximum frequency of globular embryo formation occurred in cotyledonary segments on MS medium with 3.0 mg/l 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). Further embryo development was achieved only in somatic embryos derived from cotyledonary segments of genotype PG12. Globular-stage embryos derived from immature embryo axes of PG5, C235, PG12, and cotyledonary segments of C235 dedifferentiated and formed callus. The cotyledonary stage embryos of genotype PG12 germinated on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l zeatin. The regenerated plants were transferred to soil and grown to maturity.