Erratum: [Corrigendum] Aloperine activates the Nrf2­ARE pathway when ameliorating early brain injury in a subarachnoid hemorrhage model.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5896.].

Aloperine activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway when ameliorating early brain injury in a subarachnoid hemorrhage model.

Aloperine (ALO) exhibits neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in vitro; however, its protective effect in early brain injury (EBI) following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains to be elucidated. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ALO in EBI, and its association with nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 and the antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2-ARE) survival pathway. In the present study, an experimental SAH model was induced in rats following a prechiasmatic cistern injection. All rats were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, SAH, SAH+ vehicle, and an SAH+ ALO group (including low and high doses). ALO was administrated intraperitoneally at 2 and 24 h following induction of the SAH model. Brain samples were collected from each group at 48 h after SAH induction. Subsequently, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and cell apoptosis assays were performed, along with assessments for brain edema, neurological deficit, and the activity of oxidant/antioxidant factors. It was observed that the expression of Nrf2-ARE pathway-associated agents, including Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1, were markedly increased in the high concentration ALO group compared with that of the SAH group. In addition, the level of oxidative damage was reduced. Furthermore, early brain damage, including brain edema, neurological deficit and cellular apoptosis were significantly ameliorated. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that ALO can ameliorate oxidative damage against EBI following SAH, most likely via the Nrf2-ARE survival pathway.

PTEN gene mutations correlate to poor prognosis in glioma patients: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: We conducted this meta-analysis based on eligible trials to investigate the relationship between phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genetic mutation and glioma patients' survival. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies regarding the relationship between PTEN genetic mutation and glioma patients' survival. The primary outcome was the overall survival of glioma patient with or without PTEN genetic mutation, and second outcome was prognostic factors for the survival of glioma patient. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to pool the estimates according to the heterogeneity among the included studies. RESULTS: Nine cohort studies, involving 1,173 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggested that glioma patients with PTEN genetic mutation had a significant shorter overall survival than those without PTEN genetic mutation (hazard ratio [HR] =2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35, 3.67; P=0.002). Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that this association was only observed in American patients (HR =2.19, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.89; P=0.008), but not in Chinese patients (HR =1.44, 95% CI: 0.29, 7.26; P=0.657). Histopathological grade (HR =1.42, 95% CI: 0.07, 28.41; P=0.818), age (HR =0.94, 95% CI: 0.43, 2.04; P=0.877), and sex (HR =1.28, 95% CI: 0.55, 2.98; P=0.564) were not significant prognostic factors for the survival of patients with glioma. CONCLUSION: Current evidence indicates that PTEN genetic mutation is associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients. However, this finding is derived from data in observational studies, potentially subject to selection bias, and hence well conducted, high-quality randomized controlled trials are warranted.

[Application of 3D-CT angiography in the diagnosis and post-operative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the values of three-dimensional CT (3D-CT) angiography (3D-CTA) in the diagnosis and operative follow up of intracranial aneurysms after clip. METHODS: 3D-CTA and DSA were performed on 32 patients with clinical manifestations suggestive of harboring intracranial aneurysms. DSA and operation were regarded as gold standards. Five patients who had been treated with clip underwent CTA both preoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate the effects of aneurysm clipping. RESULTS: According to DSA results and surgical findings, the sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy of 3D-CTA for the detection of aneurysms were 100%, 100%, and 93.9% respectively. The detection rate of aneurysm with a diameter<3 mm of CTA, with the smallest diameter of 2 mm, was higher than that of DSA, however, there was no significant difference in the detection rate of aneurysm with the diameter>3 mm between CTA and DSA. Postoperative CTA displayed a remnant of aneurysm body in one case. CONCLUSION: With satisfying sensitivity and specificity, 3D-CTA is a quick, reliable, and relatively noninvasive diagnostic tool for intracranial aneurysms. 3D-CTA combined with VR delineates the aneurysmal morphology in detail, and provides useful information for choosing and planning microsurgical or endovascular treatment.