RESUMO
In the construction of steel structures, the two most common types of structural members are hot-formed and cold-formed members. This paper mainly describes the analytical and experimental research on the strength and characteristics of CFS bolted built-up sigma sections having different structural arrangements under bending. The cross-sectional dimensions for the parametric study were selected by the sizes available in the market. In this paper, ANSYS workbench software was used to perform FE modeling and observe the local, flexural, and interaction of these buckling. Then, experimental study was performed by varying the arrangement of open section beams between face-to-face and back-to-back, connected using bolts or fasteners different spacings. Further, we conducted bending tests on cold-formed steel built-up members having simple edge stiffeners in the middle. Comparing both analytical and experimental studies, the results indicate that the back-to-back connected built-up beam section provides a flexural capacity higher than the face-to-face built-up section. Moreover, increasing the bolt spacing enhanced the load-carrying capacity of back-to-back sigma section built-up beams. It has also been discovered that the flexural strength of beams is primarily determined by bolt spacing or itsposition.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: India's reputation as a country with a culture of abstinence especially in matters regarding alcohol is underserved. There has been a rapid proliferation of city bars and nightclubs in recent years and people are fast shedding its inhibitions about alcohol as a lifestyle choice. This scenario has led to fears of an undocumented rise in alcohol abuse among all sections of society. Policies by the government has been laid down to regulate sales and pricing of alcohol, but not well improvised. Our aim was to find out the prevalence of alcoholism among adult males in a rural population and also to analyze its association between various factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study in a rural population at Kuthampakkam village, in Poonamallee block of Tiruvallur district in Tamil Nadu, India. The study population included adult male population. Simple random sampling method was adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding the background characteristics, history of alcoholism and certain social factors. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data entry and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15 software. Descriptive statistics were calculated for background variables and the prevalence of the alcoholism. Chi-square test and p-value were calculated to see the association between alcoholism and social factors. RESULTS: A total of 157 adult male were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 37.20 years. The prevalence of alcoholism among the study participants was 35.7%. Among them only 4.5% who presented with symptoms of chronic alcoholism had taken treatment. Reasons for not taking treatment for alcoholism among study population were mainly due to their family problems (55.2%). CONCLUSION: Although alcohol consumption has existed for many centuries, the quantity, usage pattern, and resultant problems have undergone substantial changes over the past 20 years. These developments have raised concerns about the public health and social consequences. Awareness among the population and necessary rehabilitation and self-help programs will help in bringing down the prevalence of alcoholism.
