RESUMO
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is highly prevalent in Latin America, including Venezuela. Subgenotype IA seems to circulate in an almost exclusive fashion, except in Brazil. The aim of this study was the molecular characterization of the HAV infection in Venezuela, in order to characterize the circulating strains and to analyze the presence of quasispecies in sporadic cases and an epidemic outbreak. A total of 125 (113 sera and 12 feces) samples positive for anti-HAV IgM from sporadic cases and epidemic outbreak, were submitted to hemi-nested RT-PCR for amplification of the VP1 N terminus or complete region of the HAV genome. Sequences obtained from 96 Venezuelan isolates were used for phylogenetic analysis. The quasispecies distribution was evaluated by cloning of HAV amplicons. Phylogenetic analysis of HAV sequences from Venezuela showed the exclusive circulation of subgenotype IA, but with co-circulation of two lineages, not found in other countries. The genetic variability found among Venezuelan strains was also analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). This technique allowed the detection of intra-strain variability, which was indeed related to the presence of quasispecies populations in the isolates. The quasispecies heterogeneity was higher in some isolates derived from sporadic cases compared to the one observed in the outbreak. The molecular characterization of HAV isolates from Venezuela showed the circulation of a unique subgenotype IA, but with the presence of diverse strains and quasispecies inside the viral populations.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Variação Genética , Vírus da Hepatite A Humana/classificação , Vírus da Hepatite A Humana/genética , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fezes/virologia , Genótipo , Hepatite A/virologia , Vírus da Hepatite A Humana/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Conformacional de Fita Simples , RNA Viral/análise , RNA Viral/sangue , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da Espécie , Venezuela/epidemiologia , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Molecular characterization of two sewage-borne pathogens identified hepatitis A virus (HAV) subgenotype IA and Giardia duodenalis assemblages A and B as predominant genotypes circulating in an urban area of Venezuela. This study reveals epidemiological features of human pathogens of worldwide distribution and the efficacy of molecular methods for accurate assessment of sewage pollution.
Assuntos
Giardia/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Rios/parasitologia , Rios/virologia , Esgotos/parasitologia , Esgotos/virologia , Poluição da Água , Animais , Cidades , Análise por Conglomerados , Giardia/classificação , Giardia/genética , Vírus da Hepatite A/classificação , Vírus da Hepatite A/genética , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência , VenezuelaRESUMO
The case of a 58-years-old patient with AIDS is discussed. He presented a progressive disease with discomfort, abdominal pain, hiporexia, fever and weight loss. At the time of admittance in our hospital he had hepatosplenomegaly. The patient worsened and presented asthenia, fever, oedema, ascites, pulmonary congestion and finally jaundice and died. Autopsy findings were indicative of disseminated histoplasmosis with pseudotumoral appearance of the adrenal glands.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , HIV-1 , Histoplasmose/patologia , Icterícia/patologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/microbiologia , Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Autopsia , Histoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Histoplasmose/microbiologia , Humanos , Icterícia/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The case of a 15-years-old female patient is presented, who referred pain and presence of a mass in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Diagnostic imaging showed a 9 cm diameter cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas which was removed surgically. Histology demonstrated a pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma with borderline biological behaviour. A review of the literature related to cystic neoplasms of the pancreas is realized.
