Matrix-producing metaplastic breast carcinoma - a rare malignancy.

Patient: Female, 33 Final Diagnosis: Matrix-producing metaplastic breast carcinoma Symptoms: - Medication: - Clinical Procedure: Operative Specialty: Oncology Objective: Rare disease. BACKGROUND: Metaplastic breast carcinomas are ductal carcinomas that undergo metaplasia into non-glandular growth patterns. They are very rare, accounting for less than 1% of all invasive breast carcinomas. CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old female patient presented with a lump in her left breast. Axillary lymph nodes were not palpable. FNAC of the lump was positive for malignant cells. The patient underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance. The histopathological report was matrix-producing carcinoma with infiltrating duct carcinoma. The tumor was positive for immunohistochemical markers keratin, EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen), and S100, thus confirming it to be matrix-producing carcinoma breast. After surgery, the patient recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: Matrix-producing breast carcinoma is a rare type of metaplastic carcinoma characterized by a ductal carcinomatous element with direct extension to areas showing cartilaginous or osseous differentiation, lacking an interspersed spindle cell component. It has better prognosis than metaplastic carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, they are positive for keratin, EMA (Epithelial Membrane Antigen), and S100. The tumor, which is matrix-producing, is S100 reactive and nonreactive for cytokeratin. They are usually ER- and PR-negative. The average age of these patients is approximately 58 years. Surgery remains the mainstay of therapy, using either mastectomy or local excision.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast - a rare malignancy.

PATIENT: Female, 60 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast Symptoms: Lump in axilla Medication: - Clinical Procedure: Mastectomy Specialty: Oncology. OBJECTIVE: Rare disease. BACKGROUND: Primary nonepithelial malignancies of the breast include primary breast sarcomas, therapy-related breast sarcomas, the phyllodes tumors, and primary breast lymphomas. They account for less than 5% of all breast neoplasms. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 60-year-old postmenopausal female diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma with infiltrating duct carcinoma. She was treated with modified radical mastectomy with axillary clearance and postoperative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast in adults is extremely rare. Rhabdomyosarcomas in adults account for less than 3% of all adult primary soft-tissue sarcomas. Primary breast sarcomas usually present as large painless breast lumps with no associated skin and nipple changes or axillary lymphadenopathy; they are more aggressive and have more rapid growth than epithelial malignancies or benign breast lesions. The tumor can grow to large size, around 5.8 cm. Affected patients are typically women in their 50 s (ranging from 17 to 89 years), but it is also seen in men. The treatment of primary breast sarcomas requires a multidisciplinary approach. Surgery remains the mainstay of therapy. Chemotherapy has no clearly defined role in primary breast or soft-tissue sarcomas. The prognosis of primary breast sarcomas depends on the histologic grade and size of the tumor. They spread locally and hematogenously, but they are not usually associated with axillary lymphadenopathy.

Malignant change in an epidermal cyst over gluteal region.

A 72-year-old male presented with a large ulceroproliferative lesion over left gluteal region. After histopathological confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma, the lesion was excised with wide margins. Further histopathological study of the excised specimen revealed the growth arising from an epidermal cyst. Malignant change is a rare, but wellknown complication occurring in an epidermal cyst. The mainstay of treatment consists of wide excision of cancerous lesion with primary reconstruction of the defect.

Acute spontaneous gastric perforation in neonates: a report of three cases.

Gastric perforation in neonates is a rare, serious and life-threatening problem. The precise aetiology is obscure in most cases. By virtue of its high mortality rate, it requires prompt recognition and surgical intervention. We report three cases of neonatal gastric perforation managed by early resuscitation and primary repair.

Duodenal stenosis in a child.

We present a case of incomplete duodenal obstruction having a delayed presentation, making diagnosis and early intervention more challenging. Failure of recanalization of the duodenal lumen during the eighth to tenth week of gestation, results in duodenal atresia. Incomplete recanalization can lead to duodenal stenosis or the presence of a duodenal web. In the absence of other serious anomalies or prematurity, the overall survival for duodenal stenosis or atresia is nearly 100%.