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1.
Neuroophthalmology ; 46(1): 54-58, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35095137

RESUMO

Styloidogenic jugular venous compression syndrome has been recently described as a new cause of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. We present a 69-year-old patient, without other relevant medical history, presenting with 3 years of positional headache associated with decreased vision when reading and while turning her head to the right or left. She also reported pulsatile low-frequency tinnitus. Papilloedema was noted on the physical examination and, on imaging, an enlarged styloid process that induced jugular vein compression. The patient underwent styloidectomy with resolution of her symptoms and normalisation of her visual fields.

2.
Eye (Lond) ; 36(1): 119-128, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33633350

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To evaluate biometric changes throughout the anterior chamber during accommodation and presbyopia using single image acquisition swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). SUBJECT/METHODS: Anterior-segment images were obtained using a new swept-source AS-OCT device (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering) from healthy volunteers (n = 71) across two centers in this prospective observational case series. In one image acquisition, cornea through posterior lens, including the ciliary muscle on both sides of the right eye, was imaged. Subjects undertook no accommodative effort and -1, -3, and -5 D of target vergence. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA modeling was performed for ciliary muscle measurements, lens parameters, aqueous depth (AD), and pupil diameter (PD). The first ANOVA factor was accommodative stimuli, and the second factor included age and refractive status. RESULTS: Maximum ciliary muscle thickness increased with accommodative stimuli (p < 0.001), while the distance from the scleral spur to the maximal point on the ciliary muscle and posterior ciliary muscle thickness (CMT2) decreased (p < 0.001-0.002). Older individuals showed no accommodative changes for ciliary muscle parameters, lens thickness, lens vault, PD, and AD (p = 0.07-0.32). Younger- and middle-aged eyes showed statistically significant accommodative structural alterations for these endpoints (p < 0.001-0.002), but with different patterns, including early loss of CMT2 contraction in middle-aged eyes. Within the middle-aged group, myopic eyes maintained better capacity for accommodative structural change. CONCLUSIONS: Swept-source AS-OCT demonstrated multiple simultaneous anterior-segment biometric alterations in single acquisition images, including early loss of posterior ciliary muscle function and better maintained capacity for anterior-segment structural change in myopia.


Assuntos
Cristalino , Miopia , Acomodação Ocular , Câmara Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Segmento Anterior do Olho/diagnóstico por imagem , Biometria/métodos , Humanos , Cristalino/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miopia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos
3.
Mitochondrion ; 62: 181-186, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34915201

RESUMO

In this retrospective, interventional, longitudinal small case series, we looked at the visual effects of pharmacologic intervention with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in chronic Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) patients who are non-responders to idebenone. We illustrate, as examples, the visual progression of three LHON patients with 4-AP as add-on therapy to idebenone. Each patient had a different primary LHON mutation and was treated with idebenone within one year of onset. No response to idebenone at 300 mg orally three times a day ranged from less than one year to 2.5 years, and the addition of 4-AP at 10 mg orally two times a day ranged from 24 to 29 months. Outcome measures included best-corrected distance visual acuity, color vision, automated perimetry, the average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and the full-field photopic negative response (PhNR) amplitude. The 19-year-old man with the LHON mutation 11778A > G had no response to the addition of 4-AP to idebenone. The 27-year-old man with the LHON mutation 3460A > G experienced a significant response to 4-AP. Finally, the 40-year-old man with the LHON mutation 14484 T > C had a milder response. Although this case series was too small to demonstrate the efficacy of idebenone with add-on 4AP, it allowed us to consider a new hypothesis that neuronal activity generated from 4-AP can add more potential for visual recovery in LHON patients.


Assuntos
4-Aminopiridina/uso terapêutico , Rede Nervosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Atrofia Óptica Hereditária de Leber/tratamento farmacológico , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , 4-Aminopiridina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ubiquinona/administração & dosagem , Ubiquinona/uso terapêutico , Adulto Jovem
4.
PLoS One ; 15(10): e0240110, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33095821

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of age and refractive status on anterior segment anatomical structures, including the ciliary body, using a new swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) device. METHODS: This prospective observational study included 63 healthy volunteers (mean age: 44.2 years). Images of the anterior segment were obtained using a new swept-source AS-OCT (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) with tracking and image averaging from the right eye of all participants. Repeatability as well as inter- and intra-observer reliability of biometric measurements were evaluated. The impact of image tracking and averaging on ciliary muscle measurements was tested. Univariate and multivariable statistical models were developed to evaluate the relationship of age and refractive status on anterior segment biometric measurements. RESULTS: For all test-retest repeatability and inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of swept-source AS-OCT measurements, high intraclass correlation (ICC) was noted (0.88-1.00). The nasal maximum ciliary muscle thickness (CMTMAX) and distance between scleral spur to the thickest point of the ciliary muscle (SSMAX) were larger than those on the temporal side (p<0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Nasal and temporal CMTMAX (p = 0.004 and p<0.001, respectively) and lens thickness (p<0.01) increased with age. Nasal and temporal SSMAX decreased with older age and increasing hyperopia (p = 0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Image averaging resulted in improved ciliary muscle measurements (p = 0.008 to 0.02). Lens vault increased with older age and increased hyperopia (p<0.01). OCT measurements of the angle decreased with older age and increased hyperopia (p<0.001 to 0.03). Aqueous depth decreased with older age and increased hyperopia (p<0.01). Pupil diameter decreased with older age (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Repeatability and reproducibility of biometric measurements using the ANTERION AS-OCT were excellent. Image averaging improved the accuracy of ciliary muscle measurements. The device produced measurements of biometric parameters that described superficial and deep structures including the ciliary body and full lens thickness from a single image.


Assuntos
Segmento Anterior do Olho/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Biometria/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
6.
PLoS One ; 15(5): e0232785, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32469871

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology precedes symptoms and its detection can identify at-risk individuals who may benefit from early treatment. Since the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is depleted in established AD, we tested whether its thickness can predict whether cognitively healthy (CH) individuals have a normal or pathological cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aß42 (A) and tau (T) ratio. METHODS: As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, we enrolled CH individuals, excluding those with cognitive impairment and significant ocular pathology. We classified the CH group into two sub-groups, normal (CH-NAT, n = 16) or pathological (CH-PAT, n = 27), using a logistic regression model from the CSF AT ratio that identified >85% of patients with a clinically probable AD diagnosis. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was acquired for RNFL, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL), and macular thickness. Group differences were tested using mixed model repeated measures and a classification model derived using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Mean age (± standard deviation) in the CH-PAT group (n = 27; 75.2 ± 8.4 years) was similar (p = 0.50) to the CH-NAT group (n = 16; 74.1 ± 7.9 years). Mean RNFL (standard error) was thinner in the CH-PAT group by 9.8 (2.7) µm; p < 0.001. RNFL thickness classified CH-NAT vs. CH-PAT with 87% sensitivity and 56.3% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Our retinal data predict which individuals have CSF biomarkers of AD pathology before cognitive deficits are detectable with 87% sensitivity. Such results from easy-to-acquire, objective and non-invasive measurements of the RNFL merit further study of OCT technology to monitor or screen for early AD pathology.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/genética , Disfunção Cognitiva/genética , Proteínas tau/genética , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Amiloidose/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Amiloidose/diagnóstico por imagem , Amiloidose/genética , Amiloidose/patologia , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Disfunção Cognitiva/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Cognitiva/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fibras Nervosas/metabolismo , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Disco Óptico/metabolismo , Disco Óptico/patologia , Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Retina/metabolismo , Retina/patologia , Células Ganglionares da Retina/metabolismo , Células Ganglionares da Retina/patologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Proteínas tau/líquido cefalorraquidiano
8.
PLoS One ; 14(12): e0226197, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31821378

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs), intrinsically photosensitive RGCs, mediate the light-based pupil response and the light entrainment of the body's circadian rhythms through their connection to the pretectal nucleus and hypothalamus, respectively. Increased awareness of circadian rhythm dysfunction in neurological conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD), has led to a wave of research focusing on the role of mRGCs in these diseases. Postmortem retinal analyses in AD patients demonstrated a significant loss of mRGCs, and in vivo measurements of mRGC function with chromatic pupillometry may be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and progression of AD. METHODS: We performed a prospective case-control study in 20 cognitively healthy study participants: 10 individuals with pre-symptomatic AD pathology (pre-AD), identified by the presence of abnormal levels of amyloid ß42 and total Tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid, and 10 age-matched controls with normal CSF amyloid ß42 and Tau levels. To evaluate mRGC function, we used a standardized protocol of chromatic pupillometry on a Ganzfeld system using red (640 nm) and blue (450 nm) light stimuli and measured the pupillary light response (PLR). Non-invasive wrist actigraphy and standardized sleep questionnaires were also completed to evaluate rest-activity circadian rhythm. RESULTS: Our results did not demonstrate a significant difference of the PLR between pre-AD and controls but showed a variability of the PLR in the pre-AD group compared with controls on chromatic pupillometry. Wrist actigraphy showed variable sleep-wake patterns and irregular circadian rhythms in the pre-AD group compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The variability seen in measurements of mRGC function and sleep-wake cycle in the pre-AD group suggests that mRGC dysfunction occurs in the pre-symptomatic AD stages, preceding cognitive decline. Future longitudinal studies following progression of these participants can help in elucidating the relationship between mRGCs and circadian rhythm dysfunction in AD.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Ritmo Circadiano , Células Ganglionares da Retina/fisiologia , Opsinas de Bastonetes , Sono , Actigrafia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Pupila/fisiologia , Reflexo Pupilar
9.
Alzheimers Dement (Amst) ; 11: 775-783, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31737776

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Previous in vivo optical coherence tomography studies have proposed the retinal choroid as a potential oculovascular biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the clinical use of the choroid as a purported surrogate marker remains poorly understood. We pursued a histopathological approach to assess choroidal thickness and vascular morphology in severe disease. METHODS: Human postmortem tissues from 8 patients with AD (mean age: 80.1 ± 12.7 years) and from 11 age-matched controls (mean age: 78.4 ± 16.57 years) were analyzed. Thickness, area, and vascularity of the retinal choroid and its sublayers were measured from the nasal and temporal quadrants of the superior retina. RESULTS: Nasally, the choroid was thinner in the patients with AD than in the controls (22% thickness reduction; P < .001), but to our surprise, the choroid was thicker in the patients with AD than in the controls (~60% increase; P < .03) within the macula, temporally. The choroidal area was also significantly greater in the patients with AD than in the controls (~60% increase; P < .03). Choroidal thickening in AD was strongly correlated with the stromal vessel number (R2 = 0.96, P < .001). DISCUSSION: We found significant differences in the retinal choroid by layer and by region, nasally and temporally with respect to the optic nerve. Intriguingly, the choroid was markedly thicker in the central macular region and was strongly associated with vessel number in the stromal vascular layer. These quantified histological findings in severe disease expand our understanding of vascular pathology in AD and suggest vascularity as a potential biomarker supplementary to thickness when evaluating the retinal choroid in AD.

12.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 57(10): 4255-63, 2016 08 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27548899

RESUMO

PURPOSE: C21orf2 encodes a ciliary protein related to syndromic and nonsyndromic retinal degeneration. The purpose of this study was to identify novel mutations of C21orf2 associated with syndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) and autosomal recessive cone-rod dystrophy (arCRD) by using whole exome sequencing of a Japanese cohort. METHODS: Whole exome sequencing was performed on DNA from affected and healthy members from 147 families with retinal degenerations. Identified nonsense and missense mutations were further restricted by using the reported single nucleotide variation frequencies and inherited patterns. The effect of the mutations was examined by in vitro assays. RESULTS: Novel mutations in C21orf2 were found in Japanese patients with arRP with skeletal defects or arCRD. Compound heterozygous mutations, from one family (p.V111M and p.Y107H), and a homozygous mutation, from another family (p.Y107C), were all located in the leucine-rich repeat C-terminal domain required for protein stabilization. C21orf2 was expressed in the retina through the developing to the mature stage, and the protein localized to the photoreceptor cilia in the adult retina. In vitro expression showed reduced levels and affected localizations of mutated protein products compared to the wild type. CONCLUSIONS: The identified C21orf2 mutations decreased protein stability and affected cytoplasmic localization of C21orf2. Since C21orf2 was required for ciliogenesis, our data suggested that reduced levels of functional C21orf2 induced photoreceptor degradation through abnormal cilia formation, leading to arRP or arCRD in the retina.


Assuntos
Distrofias de Cones e Bastonetes/genética , DNA/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Proteínas/genética , Retinose Pigmentar/genética , Animais , Western Blotting , Células Cultivadas , Pré-Escolar , Distrofias de Cones e Bastonetes/epidemiologia , Distrofias de Cones e Bastonetes/metabolismo , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Exoma , Feminino , Genes Recessivos , Homozigoto , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem , Prevalência , Proteínas/metabolismo , Retinose Pigmentar/epidemiologia , Retinose Pigmentar/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
13.
Cell Rep ; 14(5): 1218-1231, 2016 Feb 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26832412

RESUMO

In an immune response, CD4(+) T cells expand into effector T cells and then contract to survive as long-lived memory cells. To identify age-associated defects in memory cell formation, we profiled activated CD4(+) T cells and found an increased induction of the ATPase CD39 with age. CD39(+) CD4(+) T cells resembled effector T cells with signs of metabolic stress and high susceptibility to undergo apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of ATPase activity dampened effector cell differentiation and improved survival, suggesting that CD39 activity influences T cell fate. Individuals carrying a low-expressing CD39 variant responded better to vaccination with an increase in vaccine-specific memory T cells. Increased inducibility of CD39 after activation may contribute to the impaired vaccine response with age.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/imunologia , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Apirase/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/citologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Clonais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Fisiológico , Adulto Jovem
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