RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Drug residues in poultry products could lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as in any living animal and human alike. Extensive use of antibiotics in animals to promote growth rate, increase feed efficiency, and for prevention of intestinal infections has led to the development of resistant bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of biological supplementation of probiotic, phytobiotic, and their combination over antibiotic on growth performance, microbial load, and hematological parameters in Broiler. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five broiler chicken were divided into five groups (12 birds in each group), namely, group A (basal diet), group B (antibiotic, Renamycin 100®), group C (phytobiotic, Galibiotic®), group D (probiotic, Bio-Top®), and group E (combination, Galibiotic®+Galibiotic®) and five were sacrificed for baseline data on day 0. RESULTS: Average final live weight gain was highest in group D (probiotic) than other groups. The feed conversion ratio was highest in group A and lowest in the probiotic group (group C). Blood samples were collected on 14th and 28th day for hematological studies. The mean hematology values regarding the total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate differed significantly (p < 0.05) among groups. The pH of all the treatment groups was significantly decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.05) where group C was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than all other groups. Highest total viable cell count was observed in control (group A) and total coliform count in phytobiotic (group C) was significantly lower than in other treatment groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It may conclude that biological supplements have a significant positive impact on growth performance, hematological parameters, and gut microbial load in broiler chicken of which the probiotic showing the best effects. Supplementation of probiotic in feed could be one of the best candidates as an alternative to antibiotics as growth promoter for safe broiler production.
RESUMO
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the consequence of dam genotypes on productive and reproductive performance of different cross-bred dairy cows under field condition. A total of 313 dairy cow's information were collected from 33 Artificial Insemination (AI) Sub-centers/Points from the District AI center of greater Rajshahi district for a period from 1993 to 2002. The information of the productive and reproductive parameters were analyzed from questionnaires answered by 33 field assistant (artificial inseminator) and owner's of cow in respective of AI Sub-Center/Points as well as from reading the AI and 100% progeny collection Registers. In general, the mean birth weight, age at puberty, age at first fertile service, age at first calving, gestation length, post-partum heat period, days open, wastage day, service per conception, milk production per day, peak milk production per day, lactation length, lactation yield, dry period, weaning period and calving intervals were 18.8 kg, 27.9 month, 29.2 month, 38.7 months, 278.7 days, 139 days, 160 days, 20.3 days, 1.62, 5.13 L, 10.45 L, 282 days, 1445 L, 146 days, 10.65 months and 438 days, respectively. Dam genotype of dairy cows were divided into 5 groups according to their genetic composition. LxF, SxSL, L, LxSLxF and LxSxSL of dam genotype had significant effect on all the productive and reproductive performances of the dairy cows except on age at first calving, gestation length and weaning period. The genotypes of dam's of cows like LxF and LxSL showed a better performance under field condition at greater Rajshahi district and poor performance were recorded in L and LxSxSL of dam genotype. The experiment reflects that the LxF and LxSL genotypes of dam showed the better productive and reproductive performances of dairy cows under rural condition in Bangladesh.
