Optimizing photovoltaic arrays: A tested dataset of newly manufactured PV modules for data-driven analysis and algorithm development.

This data article presents a comprehensive dataset comprising experimentally tested characteristics of newly manufactured photovoltaic (PV) modules, which have been collected by using a commercial PV testing system from a solar panel manufacturer company. The PV testing system includes an artificial sunlight simulator to generate input light for the PV and the outputs of the PV are tested by a professional IV tracer in a darkroom environment maintaining IEC60904-9 standard. The dataset encompasses modules with power ratings of 10 W, 85 W, and 247 W, each represented by 40 individual module records. The tested and collected characteristics of each module include open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum power point voltage, maximum power point current, maximum power point power, and fill factor. The motivation for this dataset lies in addressing the challenges posed by manufacturing defects and a ± 5 % manufacturing tolerance, which can lead to mismatch power losses in newly installed PV arrays. These losses result in lower current in series strings and lower voltage in parallel branches, ultimately decreasing the array's output power. The dataset serves as a valuable resource for academic research, particularly in the domain of PV array optimization. To facilitate optimization efforts, different algorithms have been explored in the literature. This dataset supports the exploration of these optimization algorithms to find solutions that enhance the position of each module within the array, consequently increasing the overall output power and efficiency of the PV system. The objective is to mitigate mismatch power losses, which, if unaddressed, can contribute to increased degradation rates and early aging of PV modules. This dataset lays the groundwork for addressing critical PV array performance and efficiency issues. In future research, this dataset can be reused to explore and implement optimization algorithms, to improve the overall output power and lifespan of newly installed PV arrays. The smart solution proposed in [1], utilizing a genetic algorithm-based module arrangement, demonstrates promising results for maximizing PV array output power using this dataset.

Economic benefit in repeat breeder cows using intrauterine infusion of penicillin and estrus synchronization followed by timed artificial insemination.

OBJECTIVE: Until recently, management of repeat breeding in cattle remains a major problem to dairy farmers. This study was carried out to improve the fertility in cows, those did not conceive after three or more consecutive services. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three repeat breeding cows were selected from the Central Cattle Breeding Station and Dairy Farm (CCBS & DF), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data of another 23 repeat breeding cows that conceived after four or more services were collected from the same farm as controls. The repeat breeders were synchronized for estrus with two injections of PGF2α 11 days apart and timed AI (TAI) was performed. RESULTS: Seventeen of 23 cows had uterine infections. Intrauterine infusion of penicillin daily for three successive days from the following day of the first PGF2α injection resulted in 94.1% (16/17) recovery. Of 23 treated cows, four with estrus synchronization and TAI, and one with only AI after hormone treatment were detected pregnant by per rectal examination of the genital tract. By this pregnancy, the treated cows have advanced average of 131.6 days calving interval and days open, and thereby saved neat US $3,045.3 in comparison to control cows. Control group cows incurred losses of US $15,134.0 compared with average days open of the treated pregnant cows. CONCLUSION: Intrauterine infusion of penicillin can successfully recover the uterine infections, and estrus synchronization followed by TAI resulted in pregnancy in a proportion of repeat breeder cows with economic benefit that had a uterine infection.

Study of anatomical variation of right and left hepatic arteries.

The morphological study was done to see the origin of right and left hepatic arteries supplying the liver and gallbladder in Bangladeshi people to increase the knowledge regarding variational anatomy in this region. Sixty post mortem tissue blocks containing liver and gallbladder along with surrounding structures were collected from 40 male and 20 female cadavers of different age groups and fixed in 10% formol saline solution. This was a cross sectional descriptive study. This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy in Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, from July 2007 to June 2008. Gross and fine dissections were carried out to study the different origin of right and left hepatic artery and its topographic relationship with adjacent structures. In the present study, findings were compared with the findings of Western researchers. In the present study, typical origin of the right and left hepatic artery from hepatic artery proper was 85% and in 15% cases it was found to arise from other sources. The right hepatic arteries those were not originated from hepatic artery proper, 8% was found to arise from common hepatic artery and 7% from superior mesenteric artery. But in case of left hepatic artery, remaining 15% was originated from common hepatic artery.

Gross anatomical study of spleenic length.

The aim of the present study was to establish the standard length of the normal spleen in Bangladeshi people. One hundred and twenty human cadavers of which eighty-seven male and thirty-three female were dissected to remove spleen with associated structures in the morgue of Forensic Medicine Department of Mymensingh Medical College. Collected specimens were tagged with specific identification number, divided into five groups according to age and height of the individual. Gross and fine dissections were carried out after fixing the specimen in 10% formol saline solution. Length of the spleen was measured by measuring tape and expressed in cm and findings of the present study were compared with the findings of national and international studies. This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in the Department of Anatomy of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. The mean length of spleen was maximum as 11.20 cm in male in group C (31-45 years), and as 11.80 cm in female in group B(16-30 years) and mean length of spleen was minimum as 10.06 cm in male and 9.53 cm in female in group A (upto 15 years). Difference between group A and B, A and C, A and D were statistically significant. There were no significant differences in between other groups. According to height of individual the mean length of spleen was maximum 11.42 cm in 165.01 to 180 cm height group and minimum 10.30 cm in 0-120 cm height group which indicate that length of the spleen increases with height of the individual. This was observed that length of the spleen depends on the age, sex and body height of the individual.