Estimation of neopterin as a biomarker in biofluids of pre and post-menopausal women after initial periodontal therapy: A biochemical assay.

CONTEXT: Periodontitis (PDD) is a chronic inflammatory condition by nature which destroys the surrounding tooth structures. Menopause (pre and post) worsens the inflammatory state. Biofluids could serve as sources of biomarkers that could diagnose or indicate the intensity and extent of both conditions. AIMS: This study aimed to guestimate the various biofluids of neopterin (NP) levels in premenopause (pre-m) and postmenopausal (post-m) women with PDD after initial periodontal therapy (IPT). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was an interventional cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on menstrual history, within the age range of 40-60 years, 30 female patients having PDD participated, who were grouped into pre-m and post-m, each group comprised 15 subjects. A biochemical test of NP levels was done at the initial and three months following IPT. Statistics used: Group comparisons and percentage decrement using independent sample t-test and paired t-test for intragroup comparison were done with the version 21, IBM SPSS software. RESULTS: Intragroup NP analysis at different time points showed significant improvement. Intergroup comparison, however, has shown significant improvement in the premenopausal group (Group I) only. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced levels of NP were found in pre-m and post-m groups 3 months after IPT, inferring that IPT is a paragon in periodontal therapy and NP might be a good diagnostic marker to detect PDD.

Biochemical Analysis of Three Biological Fluids and its Response to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Pre and Postmenopausal Women with Periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. The stages of menopause also worsen inflammatory condition. Biomarkers from biological fluids can be used as a diagnostic indicator to correlate these two conditions of present and future disease activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neopterin levels in three biological fluids obtained from pre- and postmenopausal women with periodontitis following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT, that is, scaling). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional interventional study. Thirty women, aged 40-60 years, with periodontitis were selected according to their menstrual history. They were divided into the pre- and postmenopausal groups, with each group including 15 participants. The neopterin levels were measured in both groups at baseline and 3 months after NSPT. Intergroup comparison and percentage decrement analysis were performed using the independent sample t test, and intragroup comparison was performed using the paired t test. RESULTS: There were statistically significant reductions in the mean values of saliva, urine, and plasma from baseline to 3 months after NSPT in the groups. Intergroup comparison showed no significant values in the postmenopausal group, and a significant reduction was seen in the mean values was seen in the mean values. CONCLUSIONS: Neopterin levels decreased at 3 months after NSPT in both the groups, suggesting that NSPT can be a gold standard therapy and that the neopterin level could be a indicator to identify periodontal destruction.

Evaluation of periodontal response to nonsurgical therapy in pre- and post-menopausal women with periodontitis.

CONTEXT: : The influence of sex steroid hormones on periodontium can be lowered with good plaque control. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate periodontal status in pre- and post-menopausal women with periodontitis following nonsurgical therapy. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Interventional pre-post clinical trial. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Periodontal status was measured by periodontal index (PRI), and oral hygiene status was measured by plaque index (PI). Both the parameters were measured at baseline, i.e. before scaling and root planing and after 3 months intervals posttreatment. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: IBM SPSS version 21. RESULTS: The mean PRI scores in premenopausal group were 5.68 ± 0.64 and 2.53 ± 0.13 and PI scores were 1.84 ± 0.17 and 0.91 ± 0.13, respectively, at baseline and 3 months. The mean PRI scores in postmenopausal group were 6.08 ± 0.47 and 2.54 ± 0.12 and PI scores were 1.86 ± 0.25 and 1.00 ± 0.24, respectively, at baseline and 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: There was more desirable response to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in both the groups but not much variation in between two groups.

Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Neopterin Levels and Its Effects to Periodontal Therapy in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women.

OBJECTIVES: Neopterin is a valuable diagnostic biomarker, which is elevated in inflammatory conditions like periodontitis, that is characterized by destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Among the biomarkers, neopterin occurs in body fluids, and acts as a diagnostic marker for present and future disease activity. METHODS: Thirty female subjects with chronic periodontitis, mean age 50 years (40-60 years) were included in this study. Depending upon their menstrual history, subjects were categorized into two groups of fifteen each. Group I 15 pre-menopausal women, and Group II 15 post-menopausal women. Saliva was collected, and neopterin levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both the groups, at base line and after three months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Periodontal parameters like pocket probing depth (PD) and Russell's periodontal disease index (PDI) were assessed before treatment as well as after three months of scaling and root planning. RESULTS: Intra group analysis showed significant markdown in the mean values of all the parameters from baseline to three months (P < 0.001), for all patients. The intergroup comparison, from baseline to 3 months also showed no significant change in PD and PDI values, but there was a statistically significant difference in the salivary neopterin levels (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Neopterin levels were found to be reduced in three months after NSPT in both the groups, suggesting that the NSPT is the gold standard therapy, and also that neopterin levels in saliva can be used as an indicator to identify periodontal inflammation and destruction.

A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Postmenopausal Females with Periodontitis and Its Response to a Non Invasive Clinical Approach.

OBJECTIVES: The influence of sex steroid hormones on periodontium can be knockdown with good plaque control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate periodontal status in pre- and postmenopausal women with periodontitis following non-surgical therapy. METHODS: Total 60 female patients' periodontal status was measured by periodontal index (PRI), and oral hygiene status was measured by plaque index (PI). Both the parameters were measured at baseline i.e. before scaling and root planing and after 3 months intervals post treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. RESULTS: The mean PRI scores in premenopausal group were 5.68 ± 0.64 and 2.53 ± 0.13, and PI scores were 1.84 ± 0.17 and 0.91 ± 0.13 respectively at baseline and 3 months. The mean PRI scores in postmenopausal group were 6.08 ± 0.46 and 2.55 ± 0.12, and PI scores were 1.86 ± 0.24 and 1.00 ± 0.24 respectively at baseline and 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: There was more desirable response to non-surgical periodontal therapy in both the groups but not significant variation in between two groups.

Correlative analysis of plasma and urine neopterin levels in the pre- and post-menopausal women with periodontitis, following nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

CONTEXT: Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition which is distinguished by the devastation of the supported tooth structures. In such inflammatory conditions, some biomarkers such as neopterin will be secreted and elevated in the body fluids, which can be used as a diagnostic marker for the present and future disease activity. AIMS: Assessment of the neopterin as a biomarker in inflammatory conditions such as menopause and periodontitis. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional interventional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty female individuals with a mean age of 40-60 years with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. All were categorized into two groups of thirty each, depending on their menstrual history: Group I - thirty premenopausal women and Group II - thirty postmenopausal women. Urine and plasma were collected from both groups to estimate neopterin levels. ELISA kit was used to assess the neopterin levels at baseline and after 3 months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: IBM SPSS version 21 software. RESULTS: A significant depreciation in the mean values of all the parameters from baseline to 3 months (P < 0.001), in the intragroup analysis, was observed. Plasma (0.006) and urine (0.004) reduction was seen. CONCLUSIONS: In both the groups, in 3 months after NSPT, decreased neopterin levels were found, suggesting that the NSPT is the definitive therapy. Further, suggesting that, neopterin levels in the plasma and urine can be used as an index to identify the periodontal inflammation and destruction.