Retraction of "Cisplatin-Loaded Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Composite as a Promising Tool for Osteosarcoma-Affected Bone Regeneration".

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02090.].

Correction to Cisplatin-Loaded Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Composite as a Promising Tool for Osteosarcoma-Affected Bone Regeneration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02090.].

In Vivo Assessment of a Hydroxyapatite/κ-Carrageenan-Maleic Anhydride-Casein/Doxorubicin Composite-Coated Titanium Bone Implant.

Here, we focus on the fabrications of an osteosarcoma implant for bone repair via the development of a hydroxyapatite/κ-carrageenan-maleic anhydride/casein with doxorubicin (HAP/κ-CA-MA-CAS/DOX) composite-deposited titanium (Ti) plate. The HAP/κ-CA-MA-CAS/DOX material was coated on the Ti plate through the EPD method (electrophoretic deposition), applying direct current (DC) signals to deposit the composite on the surface of the Ti plate. The physicochemical and morphological possessions and biocompatibility in vitro of the prepared nanocomposite were examined to assess its prospective effectiveness for purposes of bone regeneration. Excellent biocompatibility and elevated osteoconductivity were confirmed using MG63 osteoblast-like cells. In vivo studies were performed at tibia sites in Wistar rats, and rapid bone regeneration was detected at four weeks in defective bone. Overall, the studies demonstrate that the HAP/κ-CA-MA-CAS/DOX composite enhances the biocompatible and cell-stimulating biointerface of Ti metallic implants. As such, HAP/κ-CA-MA-CAS/DOX implants are viable prospects for osteosarcoma-affected bone regeneration.

Fabrication of bioactive rifampicin loaded κ-Car-MA-INH/Nano hydroxyapatite composite for tuberculosis osteomyelitis infected tissue regeneration.

Biocompatible polymers and ceramic materials have been identified as vital components to fabricate drug delivery and tissue engineering applications because of their high drug loading capability, sustained release and higher mechanical strength with remarkable in-vivo bioavailability. In the present work, initially we designed κ-carrageenan grafted with maleic anhydride and then reacted it with isoniazid drug (κ-Car-MA-INH). The polymeric system was cross linked with nanohydroxyapatite (NHAP) via electrostatic interaction followed by the addition of rifampicin (RF) and loaded to fabricate κ -Car-MA-INH/NHAP/RF nanocomposites. The chemical modification and interaction of drug with the polymeric-ceramic system were characterised by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The zeta potential of the κ -Car-MA-INH/NHAP/RF nanocomposite was observed to be -20.04 mV using Zetasizer. The in vitro drug release studies demonstrated that the nanocomposite releases 76% of RF and 82% of INH in 12 days at pH 5.5. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis revealed the structural deformation of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae upon treatment with this nanocomposite. By using ex-vivo studies combined with physio-chemical characterization methods on the erythrocytes, L929 and MG-63 cell lines, this composite was found to be biocompatible, non-cytotoxic and inducing cell proliferation with less significant hemolysis. Thus, our modified drug delivery nanocomposites afforded higher drug bioavailability with large potential for fabrication as long-acting drug delivery nanocomposites, especially with hydrophobic drugs inducing the growth of osteoblastic bone cells.

Pulsed Electrodeposition of HAP/CPG-BSA/CUR Nanocomposite on Titanium Metal for Potential Bone Regeneration.

Bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAP) composites are progressively predicted as successive materials in bone regeneration therapy. A nanostructured composite made from the mixture of hydroxyapatite, chitosan (C)-polyethylene glycol (P)-gelatin (G), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (HAP/CPG- BSA) was prepared using ultra probe sonication followed by lyophilization. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant-rich curcumin (CUR) molecules were impregnated on HAP/CPG-BSA composite for self-repairing bone regeneration. The physicochemical morphology of HAP/CPG-BSA/CUR composite was analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques. The 92.0% of CUR release was observed from HAP/CPG-BSA/CUR composite by UV-VIS spectroscopy at a λmax value of 420 nm. The in vitro studies of HAP/CPG-BSA/CUR against osteoblast-like (MG63) cells and fibroblast cells (L929) resulted from 90.0 and 91.0% of cell viability for significant improvement in osteoinduction, proliferation, and viability for bone regeneration. The in vivo results of bone-cell formation by the implantation suggest that HAP/CPG-BSA/CUR composite might be useful in applications of regeneration medicine. The outcome of this study shows the ability to favor bone regeneration and signifies that this may be a prospective substitute implant for elevated repairing of bone.

Cisplatin-Loaded Graphene Oxide/Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Composite as a Promising Tool for Osteosarcoma-Affected Bone Regeneration.

Presently, tissue engineering approaches have been focused toward finding new potential scaffolds with osteoconductivity on bone-disease-affected cells. This work focused on the cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded graphene oxide (GO)/hydroxyapatite (HAP)/chitosan (CS) composite for enhancing the growth of osteoblast cells and prevent the development of osteosarcoma cells. The prepared composites were characterized for the confirmation of composite formation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. A flowerlike morphology was observed for the GO/HAP/CS-3/CDDP composite. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to observe the controlled release of CDDP from the GO/HAP/CS-3/CDDP composite, and 67.34% of CDDP was released from the composite over a time period of 10 days. The GO/HAP/CS-3/CDDP nanocomposites showed higher viability in comparison with GO/HAP/CS-3 on MG63 osteoblast-like cells and higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells (A549). The synthesized composite was found to show enhanced proliferative, adhesive, and osteoinductive effects on the alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblast-like cells. Our results suggested that the CDDP-loaded GO/HAP/CS-3 nanocomposite has an immense prospective as a bone tissue replacement in the bone-cancer-affected tissues.

Osteoblast response to Vitamin D3 loaded cellulose enriched hydroxyapatite Mesoporous silica nanoparticles composite.

Composite materials hold cellulose(C) established network and biomimetic Hydroxyapatite (HAP) are potentially appropriate for bone formation and protect the external organisms. Tissue engineering scaffolds with unified porous and enhanced biological properties can be fabricated using a small quantity of porous additives. In this study we synthesizd a Cholecalciferol (VD3) loaded, cellulose functionalized hydroxyapatite nanocomposites with different concentration of Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). VD3 plays an important role in the bone formation by regulating extracellular levels of calcium and phosphorus. FTIR, SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction techniques were used for the characterization of the prepared composites. VD3 releases from the VD3/C/HAP/MSN scaffold were observed by using UV-vis spectroscopy. The nanocomposites C/HAP/MSN, VD3/C/HAP/MSN showed higher viability compared with pure HAP and in-vitro studies revealed that the materials has enhanced the proliferative, adhesion, osteoinductive effects ALP activity and calcium deposition assay on osteoblasts like cells (MG63). Our outcome recommended that the 3D like VD3 loaded C/HAP/MSN nanocomposite scaffolds have a great potential as a bone tissue substitute.