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1.
J Clin Oncol ; 39(32): 3574-3582, 2021 11 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34406870

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To our knowledge, NRG/RTOG 9804 is the only randomized trial to assess the impact of whole breast irradiation (radiation therapy [RT]) versus observation (OBS) in women with good-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), following lumpectomy. Long-term results focusing on ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR), the primary outcome, are presented here. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients underwent lumpectomy for DCIS that was mammogram detected, size ≤ 2.5 cm, final margins ≥ 3 mm, and low or intermediate nuclear grade. Consented patients were randomly assigned to RT or OBS. Tamoxifen use was optional. Cumulative incidence was used to estimate IBR, log-rank test and Gray's test to compare treatments, and Fine-Gray regression for hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS: A total of six hundred thirty-six women were randomly assigned from 1999 to 2006. Median age was 58 years and mean pathologic DCIS size was 0.60 cm. Intention to use tamoxifen was balanced between arms (69%); however, actual receipt of tamoxifen varied, 58% RT versus 66% OBS (P = .05). At 13.9 years' median follow-up, the 15-year cumulative incidence of IBR was 7.1% (95% CI, 4.0 to 11.5) with RT versus 15.1% (95% CI, 10.8 to 20.2) OBS (P = .0007; HR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.66); and for invasive LR was 5.4% (95% CI, 2.7 to 9.5) RT versus 9.5% (95% CI, 6.0 to 13.9) OBS (P = .027; HR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.91). On multivariable analysis, only RT (HR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.64; P = .0007) and tamoxifen use (HR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.78; P = .0047) were associated with reduced IBR. CONCLUSION: RT significantly reduced all and invasive IBR for good-risk DCIS with durable results at 15 years. These results are not an absolute indication for RT but rather should inform shared patient-physician treatment decisions about ipsilateral breast risk reduction in the long term following lumpectomy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/terapia , Mastectomia Segmentar , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Canadá , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/patologia , Fracionamento da Dose de Radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Mastectomia Segmentar/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/prevenção & controle , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos
2.
Clin Cardiol ; 33(12): 733-7, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21184556

RESUMO

An understanding of onco-cardiology or cardio-oncology is critical for the effective care of cancer patients. Virtually all antineoplastic agents are associated with cardiotoxicity, which can be divided into 5 categories: direct cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and associated cardiac systolic dysfunction, cardiac ischemia, arrhythmias, pericarditis, and chemotherapy-induced repolarization abnormalities. Radiation therapy can also lead to coronary artery disease and fibrotic changes to the valves, pericardium, and myocardium. All patients being considered for chemotherapy, especially those who have prior cardiac history, should undergo detailed cardiovascular evaluation to optimize the treatment. Serial assessment of left ventricular systolic function and cardiac biomarkers might also be considered in selected patient populations. Cardiotoxic effects of chemotherapy might be decreased by the concurrent use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or beta-blockers. Antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy might be considered in patients with a potential hypercoagulable state associated with chemotherapy or cancer. Open dialogue between both cardiologists and oncologists will be required for optimal patient care.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Cardiologia , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Oncologia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Trombofilia/induzido quimicamente , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapêutico , Comportamento Cooperativo , Cardiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias/prevenção & controle , Testes de Função Cardíaca , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Lesões por Radiação/diagnóstico , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Trombofilia/diagnóstico , Trombofilia/prevenção & controle
3.
Hawaii Med J ; 68(3): 62-5, 2009 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19441616

RESUMO

This cross-sectional study focused on pain assessment in a group of older Asian Americans with cancer. Thirty-six participants and their primary nurses were interviewed, and pain intensity was measured using 3 different scales: the Numeric pain intensity 0-10 scale, the Faces expression scale, and Visual analog scale (VAS). Overall, 56% of participants reported pain. Younger age (65-75 years old) was significantly associated with higher pain intensity (p < 0.05). High correlation was found between the participants' and their nurses' pain intensity ratings (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001). High correlation was also found among different pain intensity scales, with a Spearman correlation coefficient ranging from 0.89 to 0.96 (p < 0.0001), suggesting that they are reliable measures in this population.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/complicações , Medição da Dor/métodos , Dor/etiologia , Idoso , Asiático , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Havaí , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco
4.
Thromb Haemost ; 93(5): 876-9, 2005 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15886803

RESUMO

Limited data suggest that Asian Americans may have a lower risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) than Caucasians. However, the actual prevalence of VTE among Asians remains controversial, and has not been described in Japan. We studied all 131,060 patients hospitalized at a single medical centre in Japan (January 1987 - December 1999). Patients with VTE were identified through discharge diagnoses. Hospital records were reviewed for information on patient demographics, risk factors, and diagnostic modalities. VTE occurred in 0.11% of admissions (n=141, 95%CI 0.09-0.13%). Mean age (+/-SD) was 64+/-17 years, 70% were women, 91% had deep vein thrombosis, and 29% pulmonary embolism. Among hospitalized patients 50-69 years old, VTE was significantly more common among women than men (0.31% vs. 0.08%; OR 3.88; 95%CI 1.45-6.31). We found a low prevalence of VTE in Japan compared to that reported in the US. Future studies are needed to clarify the reasons for our findings.


Assuntos
Tromboembolia/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia/epidemiologia , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Incidência , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais
5.
Hawaii Med J ; 63(1): 14-6, 25, 2004 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15011897

RESUMO

Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) comprises a heterogeneous group of clonal hemopathies derived from an abnormality affecting a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell and characterized by maturation defects resulting in ineffective hematopoiesis. It most frequently occurs in elderly patients. Despite trials testing numerous agents in patients with MDS, no single drug has yet emerged as the accepted standard of treatment. Most MDS patients, due to their age and co morbidity, are not eligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; the only established curative regimen. The effect of available lineage-specific growth factors is limited to improvement of single lineages and has not resulting in the survival benefit. Treatment with low dose Ara-C is disappointing in regard to response rate or duration. No benefit has been demonstrated in differentiation inducers such as retinoids and Vitamin D3 as single agents. We report a case of a patient with transfusion dependent MDS who was not a candidate for allogeneic stem cell transplantation or cytotoxic chemotherapy, who also failed to response to erythropoietin support but had a favorable response to 5-azacitidine. His blood transfusion requirement reduced significantly, and was correlated with the remarkable improvement of the pancytopenia, particularly anemia and thrombocytopenia after receiving the investigational therapy with 5-azacitidine. In summary, 5-azacitidine appears to be a promising alternative therapy for patient with refractory anemia secondary to MDS.


Assuntos
Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Azacitidina/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Anemia/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia/etiologia , Transfusão de Sangue , Eritropoetina/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Crescimento de Células Hematopoéticas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Masculino , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/complicações , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/tratamento farmacológico , Trombocitopenia/tratamento farmacológico , Trombocitopenia/etiologia
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