The effects of social power and apology on victims' posttransgression responses.

The purpose of this research was to test how, why, and when social power influences victims' revenge seeking, grudge holding, and forgiveness. Based on Keltner, Gruenfeld, and Anderson's (2003) power approach theory and McCullough, Kurzban, and Tabak's (2013) theorizing about revenge and forgiveness systems, we tested (a) the associations between victims' social power and revenge, grudge, and forgiveness; (b) the mediational role of approach/inhibition motivation in explaining why the associations exist; and (c) the moderating role of whether the transgressor apologizes or not in explaining the associations. Five studies (Ns = 279, 181, 154, 131, and 81) that varied in sample (undergraduate, community), research method (nonexperimental, experimental), context (laboratory, online), measures (self-reported, behavioral), and statistical method (regression, ANOVA), supported our predictions and the systematic generalizability of the effects. Applied implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

N-cadherin gene expression in prostate carcinoma is modulated by integrin-dependent nuclear translocation of Twist1.

The gain of N-cadherin expression in carcinomas has been shown to be important in the regulation of cell migration, invasion, and survival. Here, we show that N-cadherin mRNA expression in PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells is dependent on beta(1) integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin and the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Twist1. Depletion of Twist1 mRNA by small interfering RNA resulted in decreased expression of both Twist1 and N-cadherin and the inhibition of cell migration. Whereas Twist1 gene expression was independent of beta(1) integrin-mediated adhesion, Twist1 protein failed to accumulate in the nuclei of cells cultured in anchorage-independent conditions. The increased nuclear accumulation of Twist1 following cell attachment was suppressed by treatment with an inhibitor of Rho kinase or a beta(1) integrin neutralizing antibody. The effect of Twist1 on induction of N-cadherin mRNA required an E-box cis-element located within the first intron (+2,627) of the N-cadherin gene. These data raise the possibility that integrin-mediated adhesion to interstitial matrix proteins during metastasis differentially regulates the nuclear/cytoplasmic translocation and DNA binding of Twist1, activating N-cadherin transcription.