[Spatial distribution and risk factors of tuberculosis in Songjiang district, Shanghai during 2006 and 2009].

OBJECTIVE: To identify spatial distribution and risk factors among tuberculosis (TB) cases in Songjiang district, Shanghai, 2006 - 2009. METHODS: All active TB cases and all bacteriologically confirmed TB cases diagnosed during the period from 2006 to 2009 were recruited into the study. Spatial scan statistics were used to identify spatial clusters. Using logistic regression, we compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of TB cases in spatial clusters versus TB cases not in spatial clusters. RESULTS: A total of 1815 active TB cases and 730 bacteriologically confirmed TB cases were recruited during 2006 - 2009. Chedun township and Xinqiao township was detected to be a spatial cluste (RR = 1.38, LLR = 16.78, P < 0.01), which was the location of the municipal industrial zone. No spatial cluster was found during 2006 - 2007, while during 2008 - 2009 Chedun township was detected to be a spatial cluster (RR = 1.70, LLR = 15.06, P < 0.01). Among resident population, the spatial cluster of TB cases was located in the southwestern part of Songjiang district, which included five townships Xinbang, Shihudang, Xiaokunshan, Maogang and Yongfeng (RR = 1.49, LLR = 10.52, P < 0.01); while among migrant population, the spatial cluster of TB cases was located in Chedun township (RR = 1.55, LLR = 15.64, P < 0.01). There were higher proportions of resident TB cases who were farmers (AOR = 4.9, 95%CI: 1.9 - 12.3) or had other occupations (AOR = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.1 - 5.9) in the spatial cluster. There were higher proportions of migrant TB cases who lived here for less than 5 years (< 1 year: AOR = 5.9, 95%CI: 1.8 - 19.5; 1 - 5 years: AOR = 3.2, 95%CI: 1.0 - 9.9) or worked at other occupations (AOR = 2.8, 95%CI: 1.5 - 5.1) and lower proportions of migrant TB cases who came from Eastern region (AOR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.1 - 0.8) or Middle region (AOR = 0.5, 95%CI: 0.3 - 0.9) in the spatial cluster. CONCLUSION: In Songjiang district there was a spatial cluster in TB cases, which was Chedun township. Local residents with TB who were farmers or had other occupations were more likely to be in the spatial cluster. Migrants with TB who lived here for less than 5 years or came from Western region were more likely to be in the spatial cluster.

[Studies of the association between angiotensinogen gene regulation and cytokines in essential hypertension].

This study is to explore the association between M235T allele polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and cytokines using essential hypertension probands research method. In hypertensives and controls, polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction endonuclease digestion was used to detect the target genotype variation, and enzyme-lined immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to detect the cytokine concentrations (IL-1, IL-6, TNF). The results showed that in hypertensives AGT gene, TT genotype was 55.88%, MT 35.29% and MM 8.82%. The ratio of T/M allele frequency was 0.735/0.265. In controls AGT gene, TT genotype was 47.46%, MT 42.37% and MM 10.17%. The ratio of T/M allele frequency was 0.686/0.314. AGT gene 235 T allele frequency in hypertensives was slightly higher than those in controls. Furthermore AGT gene 235 TT genotype and T allele frequency in middle and high grade of hypertensives were significantly higher than those in mild grade. In subjects of AGT 235 T allele group, the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in hypertensives were significantly higher than those in controls. In subjects of AGT gene 235 M allele frequency, the concentrations of IL-1 and IL-6 in hypertensives were no significant than those in controls. No matter in groups more than 60 years old or less than 60 years old, the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in hypertensives were higher than those in controls. No matter in hypertensives or controls, there were no differences in concentrations of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF when comparing groups more than 60 years old with groups less than 60 years old. The study indicated that AGT gene TT genotype and AGT gene 235 T allele frequency may be an important risk factor for hypertension. The high frequency of AGT gene 235 T allele and the high concentrations of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF in hypertensives may cause hypertension developing. It is also suggested the cytokines may effect the transcription and expression of AGT gene 235 TT genotype in hypertension. The concentrations of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF had nothing to do with age no matter hypertensives or controls.