Comprehensive Application of Autologous Costal Cartilage Grafts in Rhino- and Mentoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Underdevelopment of nose and chin in East Asians is quite common. Rhinoplasty and mentoplasty are effective procedures to solve the above-depicted defects and can achieve remarkable cosmetic effects. An autologous costal cartilage graft has become an ideal material for rhinoplasty, especially for revision surgery. However, many problems in the clinical application of costal cartilage remain unresolved. This study is to investigate application strategies of autologous costal cartilage grafts in rhino- and mentoplasty. METHODS: The methods involved are as follows: application of an integrated cartilage scaffold; comprehensive application of diced cartilage; and chin augmentation of an autologous costal cartilage graft. RESULTS: In this study, satisfactory facial contour appearance was immediately achieved in 28 patients after surgery; 21 patients had satisfactory appearance of the nose and chin during the 6- to 18-month follow-up. Cartilage resorption was not observed. Two patients had nasal tip skin redness and were cured after treatment. CONCLUSION: This procedure can be used to effectively solve: curvature of the costal cartilage segment itself; warping of the carved costal cartilage; and effective use of the costal cartilage segment. The procedure has achieved satisfactory outcomes, and its application is worth extending to clinical practice.

[Catalytic oxidation of two-component VOCs and kinetic analysis ].

Catalytic oxidations of two-component volatile organic compounds (VOCs) toluene and chlorobenzene were investigated under microwave heating and tube furnace heating, respectively, and reaction kinetics were analyzed in this paper. The research indicated that competitive adsorption between toluene and chlorobenzene reduced their removal efficiencies by 3% -12% as compared to single component. 'Hot spot effect' and 'non-thermal effect' under microwave irradiation obviously enhanced conversion efficiencies of VOCs, especially, the chlorobenzene removal was increased by 31% -38%. Moreover, reaction temperature and energy consumption were both reduced under microwave heating. The dynamic calculations showed that microwave heating decreased the activation energies by 2 146 J. mol-1 and 1 450 J mol-1 for toluene and chlorobenzene, respectively, as compared with tube furnace heating. Meanwhile, microwave heating enhanced the reaction rate constants of chlorobenzene and toluene to about 35 times and 6 times of that of tube furnace heating.

[Synergetic effects of silicon carbide and molecular sieve loaded catalyst on microwave assisted catalytic oxidation of toluene].

Molecular sieve loaded catalyst was prepared by impregnation method, microwave-absorbing material silicon carbide and the catalyst were investigated for catalytic oxidation of toluene by microwave irradiation. Research work examined effects of silicon carbide and molecular sieve loading Cu-V catalyst's mixture ratio as well as mixed approach changes on degradation of toluene, and characteristics of catalyst were measured through scanning electron microscope, specific surface area test and X-ray diffraction analysis. The result showed that the fixed bed reactor had advantages of both thermal storage property and low-temperature catalytic oxidation when 20% silicon carbide was filled at the bottom of the reactor, and this could effectively improve the utilization of microwave energy as well as catalytic oxidation efficiency of toluene. Under microwave power of 75 W and 47 W, complete-combustion temperatures of molecular sieve loaded Cu-V catalyst and Cu-V-Ce catalyst to toluene were 325 degrees C and 160 degrees C, respectively. Characteristics of the catalysts showed that mixture of rare-earth element Ce increased the dispersion of active components in the surface of catalyst, micropore structure of catalyst effectively guaranteed high adsorption capacity for toluene, while amorphous phase of Cu and V oxides increased the activity of catalyst greatly.

Protection of Procambarus clarkii against white spot syndrome virus using recombinant oral vaccine expressed in Pichia pastoris.

The potential for oral vaccination of crayfish against white spot syndrome virus was investigated. The envelope proteins VP19 and VP28 were expressed in yeast (Pichia pastoris). The expressed proteins were used as oral vaccines in different forms viz., in whole culture form, whole culture sonicated form, whole culture centrifuged supernatant form, and cell residue form. The recombinant proteins were mixed with food pellets and fed to crayfish for 25 days. The vaccinated groups were divided into two even groups and challenged on the 3rd and 21st day of post vaccination. Among different vaccine groups the relative percent survival (RPS) values of sonicated form and supernatant form vaccines were found the best and met the criterion (>RPS 60%) of effective vaccine even after 21st day of post vaccination. Development of vaccine by using recombinant proteins VP19 and VP28 in yeast as expression vector was feasible with significant effects.

The efficacy of recombinant vaccines against white spot syndrome virus in Procambarus clarkii.

The effectiveness of oral, mock-, and immersion vaccination was investigated against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in crayfish. The most exposed WSSV envelope proteins VP19 and VP28 were used in different compositions and with different modes of applications. In experiment 1 crayfish were fed recombinant protein coated food pellets for 25 days, in experiment 2 the purified proteins were directly injected to them followed by one booster dose on 5th day and in experiment 3 the crayfish were left immersed in vaccines for 7 h. Experimental crayfish were challenged on 3rd and 21st days after last vaccination. The overall result showed that VP28 group has lowest cumulative mortality percentage accounting 39.6% at 3rd day and 39.83% at 21st day when injected and it was 43.2% and 49% when fed orally and 46.3% and 46.5% when immersed at 3rd and 21st days, respectively (p<0.05). In VP19 and VP28 (50:50) mixture, mock vaccination showed better performance (36.5%) over immersion (53%) and oral vaccination (53.2%) when challenged on 3rd day and mock vaccination (36.50%) followed by oral (51%) and immersion vaccination (56.5%) on 21st day as well. The VP19 recombinant mock vaccination group performed better (52.91% of 3rd day and 56.46% of 21st day) than oral (76% of 3rd day and 82% of 21st day) and immersion (83% of 3rd day and 86.3% of 21st day) vaccine groups. All the experimental groups except VP19 were significantly different (p<0.05) from the control groups. A positive cumulative effect was observed when VP28 was mixed with VP19 in equal proportion in all the experimental trials, which shows the effectiveness of VP19 as a vaccine component too. In the present trial on the basis of cumulative mortality percentage it is found that mock-vaccination group is more effective than the oral vaccination and immersion vaccination. It also suggests that specific memory exists in crayfish and the effects of VP28 are significant. The effect of VP19 along with VP28 has also shown significant effect against WSSV.