Correlation between Serum 25 (OH) D Levels with Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease - A Retrospective Study based on Chinese Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

AIMS: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and insulin resistance, as well as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 491 T2DM patients who were newly diagnosed between January 2017 and August 2022 at Peking University International Hospital. These patients were categorized into three groups based on their 25(OH)D levels. RESULTS: The prevalence of MAFLD was significantly elevated in both the Vitamin D(VD) deficiency group and the VD insufficiency group compared to the VD sufficiency group (χ2 = 6.51, p<0.05). The patients in the VD sufficiency group had lower levels of insulin resistance，as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment when compared to the VD deficiency group and the VD insufficiency group (F = 8.61，p < 0.05). Additionally, the VD sufficiency group demonstrated higher levels of ß cell function in comparison to the other two groups(p<0.05， respectively). (2) A significant negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D levels and insulin resistance, as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment in T2DM patients(r=-0.33，p<0.05 for females; r=-0.32，p<0.05 for males). (3) In male patients, 25(OH)D was identified as a protective factor against MAFLD(OR = 0.42;95%CI:0.19-0.95;p<0.05). Meanwhile，in female patients, 25(OH)D was also associated with a reduced risk of MAFLD(OR = 0.35;95%CI 0.17-0.89;p<0.05). Additionally, the study determined that the threshold values for 25(OH)D were 15.06 ng/ml in female patients and 18.79 ng/ml in male patients for predicting MAFLD. CONCLUSION: In newly diagnosed with T2DM patients, the level of 25(OH)D may be related to insulin resistance and ß cell secretion function independently and VD deficiency is an independent risk factor for MAFLD in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

Activation of Src Kinase Mediates the Disruption of Adherens Junction in the Blood-labyrinth Barrier after Acoustic Trauma.

BACKGROUND: Adherens junction in the blood-labyrinth barrier is largely unexplored because it is traditionally thought to be less important than the tight junction. Since increasing evidence indicates that it actually functions upstream of tight junction adherens junction may potentially be a better target for ameliorating the leakage of the blood-labyrinth barrier under pathological conditions such as acoustic trauma. AIMS: This study was conducted to investigate the pathogenesis of the disruption of adherens junction after acoustic trauma and explore potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: Critical targets that regulated the disruption of adherens junction were investigated by techniques such as immunofluorescence and Western blottingin C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS: Upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and downregulation of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor (PEDF) coactivated VEGF-PEDF/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathway in the stria vascularis after noise exposure. Downstream effector Src kinase was then activated to degrade VE-cadherin and dissociate adherens junction which led to the leakage of the blood-labyrinth barrier. By inhibiting VEGFR2 or Src kinase VE-cadherin degradation and blood-labyrinth barrier leakage could be attenuated but Src kinase represented a better target to ameliorate blood-labyrinth barrier leakage as inhibiting it would not interfere with vascular endothelium repair neurotrophy and pericytes proliferation mediated by upstream VEGFR2. CONCLUSION: Src kinase may represent a promising target to relieve noise-induced disruption of adherens junction and hyperpermeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier.

Construction of chitosan/alginate aerogels with three-dimensional hierarchical pore network structure via hydrogen bonding dissolution and covalent crosslinking synergistic strategy for thermal management systems.

To replace traditional petrochemical-based thermal insulation materials, in this work, the chitosan (CHI)/alginate (ALG) (CA) aerogels with three-dimensional hierarchical pore network structure were constructed by compositing CHI and ALG using a synergistic strategy of hydrogen bonding dissolution and covalent crosslinking. The structure and properties were further regulated by crosslinking the CA aerogels with epichlorohydrin (ECH). The CA aerogels exhibited various forms of covalent crosslinking, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, with hydrogen bonding content reaching 79.12 %. The CA aerogels showed an excellent three-dimensional hierarchical pore network structure, with an average pore size minimum of 15.92 nm. The structure regulation of CA aerogels obtained excellent compressive properties, with an increase of stress and strain by 137.61 % and 45.05 %, which can support a heavy object 5000 times its weight. Additionally, CA aerogels demonstrate excellent thermal insulation properties and low thermal conductivity, comparable to commercially available insulation materials. More importantly, CA aerogels have good cyclic insulation stability and thermal properties, and they have a flame retardancy rating of V-0, which shows the stability of insulation properties and excellent safety. CA aerogels provide new ideas for the development of biomass thermal insulation materials and are expected to be candidates for thermal management applications.

Clinical Analysis of Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Combined with Brain-Temporal Muscle Sticking in the Treatment of Chronic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion.

Objective: NHISS score, MMSE scale, craniocerebral CTA or DSA, and craniocerebral magnetic resonance 3D-ASL were used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) shunt combined with cranial-muscular-merging (EMS) in the treatment of symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion. Methods: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 15 patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion who received STA-MCA shunt combined with EMS treatment at Weifang Brain Hospital and Weifang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from July 2016 to December 2020. The patients' neurological and cognitive functions were evaluated by NHISS score and MMSE examination before surgery and 6 months after surgery. Adverse reactions after surgery were observed, and preoperative and postoperative cerebral hemodynamics, the patency of the shunt anastomosis, and the compensation of collateral circulation were evaluated by cranial CTA or DSA and cranial MRI 3D-ASL. Results: All 15 patients underwent successful surgery. One patient experienced transient mild cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome postoperatively. Six months after surgery, the NHISS score was significantly improved compared with that before surgery (P = .0001), and the MMSE score was also significantly improved compared with before surgery (P = .0124). No adverse events of poor scalp healing, intracranial infection, subcutaneous fluid accumulation, subdural hematoma, or cerebral hemorrhage were observed postoperatively. Imaging examination showed that the shunt vessels were unobstructed, the middle cerebral artery was dilated, collateral circulation in the surgical area was increased, and cerebral blood flow increased. Conclusion: STA-MCA shunt combined with EMS treatment is safe and effective for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion. It has the potential to improve cerebral blood flow and reduce clinical symptoms.

Critical insights into the Hormesis of antibiotic resistome in saline soil: Implications from salinity regulation.

Soil is recognized as an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the effect of salinity on the antibiotic resistome in saline soils remains largely misunderstood. In this study, high-throughput qPCR was used to investigate the impact of low-variable salinity levels on the occurrence, health risks, driving factors, and assembly processes of the antibiotic resistome. The results revealed 206 subtype ARGs across 10 categories, with medium-salinity soil exhibiting the highest abundance and number of ARGs. Among them, high-risk ARGs were enriched in medium-salinity soil. Further exploration showed that bacterial interaction favored the proliferation of ARGs. Meanwhile, functional genes related to reactive oxygen species production, membrane permeability, and adenosine triphosphate synthesis were upregulated by 6.9%, 2.9%, and 18.0%, respectively, at medium salinity compared to those at low salinity. With increasing salinity, the driver of ARGs in saline soils shifts from bacterial community to mobile gene elements, and energy supply contributed 28.2% to the ARGs at extreme salinity. As indicated by the neutral community model, stochastic processes shaped the assembly of ARGs communities in saline soils. This work emphasizes the importance of salinity on antibiotic resistome, and provides advanced insights into the fate and dissemination of ARGs in saline soils.

[Clinical characteristics and prognosis of two anastomosis techniques in the treatment of facial nerve defects].

Objective:To investigate the characteristics and prognosis of two anastomosis techniques in repairing facial nerve defects. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 30 patients who underwent facial nerve anastomosis（direct or rerouting） for facial nerve defects in our department from January 2012 to December 2021. Among them, 21 were male and 9 were female, with an average age of（37.53±11.33） years, all with unilateral onset. Preoperative House-Brackmann（H-B） facial nerve function grades were Ⅳ in 2 cases, Ⅴ in 9 cases, and Ⅵin 19 cases. The duration of facial paralysis before surgery was within 6 months in 21 cases, 6-12 months in 6 cases, and over 1 year in 3 cases. The causes of facial paralysis included 14 cases of cholesteatoma, 6 cases of facial neurioma, 6 cases of trauma, and 4 cases of middle ear surgery injury. Surgical approaches included 9 cases of the middle cranial fossa approach, 8 cases of labyrinthine-otic approach, 7 cases of mastoid-epitympanum approach, and 6 cases of retroauricular lateral neck approach. Results:All patients were followed up for more than 2 years. The direct anastomosis was performed in 10 cases: 6 cases with defects located in the extratemporal segment and 4 cases in the tympanic segment. Rerouting anastomosis was performed in 20 cases: 11 cases with defects located in the labyrinthine-geniculate ganglion, 4 cases from the internal auditory canal to the geniculate ganglion, 3 cases in the internal auditory canal, and 2 cases in the horizontal-pyramid segment. Postoperative H-B facial nerve grades were Ⅱ in 2 cases, Ⅲ in 20 cases, and Ⅳ in 8 cases, with 73.3%（22/30） of patients achieving H-B grade Ⅲ or better. Conclusion:Both direct and rerouting anastomosis techniques can effectively repair facial nerve defects, with no significant difference in efficacy between the two techniques. Most patients can achieve H-B grade Ⅲ or better facial nerve function recovery. Preoperative facial nerve function and duration of facial paralysis are the main prognostic factors affecting the outcome of facial nerve anastomosis.

Establishment of pregnancy-specific lipid reference intervals in pregnant women in a single-centre and assessment of the predictive value of early lipids for gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: This study was aimed at establishing a pregnancy-specific lipid reference interval (RI) in pregnant women in a single-centre in the Beijing area of China, simultaneously exploring the predictive value of lipid levels in early pregnancy for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 2017 to August 2019, Peking University International Hospital established records for 1588 pregnant women, whose lipid profiles were determined during the first and third trimesters. The Hoffmann technique was used to calculate gestation-specific lipid RI. The 95% reference range for gestational lipids was also estimated for 509 healthy pregnant women screened according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI), and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to assess the predictive value of lipids in the first trimester for the diagnosis of GDM. RESULTS: Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher in the third trimester (p < 0.05). Hoffmann technique RI of the lipid profiles and the 95% reference range of the lipid profiles in healthy pregnant women did not differ statistically (p > 0.05). TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were higher in the GDM group in the first trimester (p < 0.05), and the risk of GDM was 2.1 times higher in women with higher TG (95% CI: 1.13-3.77, p < 0.05). The optimal ROC cut-off for TG to predict GDM was 2.375 mmol / L, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.622 (95% CI: 0.592-0.751), with a sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 59.3%. CONCLUSIONS: This study established pregnancy-specific lipid RI for pregnant women in a single centre in the Beijing area of China. Pregnant women with TG ≥ 2.375 mmol/L in the first trimester were at significantly increased risk for GDM.

Relationship between bisphenol A and autoimmune thyroid disease in women of childbearing age.

Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the main cause of hypothyroidism in women of childbearing age. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental factor affecting AITD. This study aims to investigate relationship between BPA and AITD in women of childbearing age, thereby contributing novel evidence for the prevention of hypothyroidism in this specific demographic. Methods: A total of 155 women of childbearing age were enrolled in this study, including the euthyroid group comprised 60 women with euthyroidism and thyroid autoantibodies negativity and the AITD group consisted of 95 women with euthyroidism and at least one thyroid autoantibody positivity. The general information, thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, and thyroid ultrasound results of the two groups of women of childbearing age were recorded. Urinary BPA and urinary BPA/creatinine were detected. The difference of BPA levels between the two groups was compared. logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between BPA and AITD. Results: The proportion of multiparous and serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher in the AITD group compared to the euthyroid group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that BPA levels did not exhibit a statistically significant association with AITD. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between BPA and urinary iodine levels (r=0.30, P < 0.05), as well as a correlation between urinary BPA and free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) levels (r=0.29, P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed a correlation between urinary BPA levels and FT4 levels. However, it did not establish a relationship between BPA and AITD in women of childbearing age.

Low-temperature superelastic, anisotropic, silane-crosslinked sodium alginate aerogel for thermal insulation.

Bio-aerogels have attracted much attention owing to their remarkable properties, but their brittle and poor elasticity has limited their further applications. Here, we propose a strategy of in-situ silanization crosslinking combined with unidirectional freeze casting (SUFC) to prepare superelastic sodium alginate (SA) aerogels. The resulting aerogel was ultra-light (0.048 g/cm3), high porosity (96.86 %), and self-extinguishing from fire. Aerogels exhibited anisotropic properties, such as low-temperature elasticity (500 g compression at -70 °C 10-cycle, 99.6 % recovery), exceptional fatigue resistance (100-cycle at 50 % strain), and excellent thermal insulation (0.0696 W·m-1·K-1). Thus, the SUFC strategy provides considerable freedom for constructing multi-material, lamellar/honeycomb structured alginate-based aerogels, which pave the way to thermal insulation development at low temperatures.

Bilayer fiber membrane electrospun from polylactic acid/alginate/bromelain and polylactic acid for enhancing the functionality of tea bags.

Tea bags have been extensively used in the food industry and daily life as an efficient way to pack tea. However, the large pores of the commercial tea bags not only lead to the inner contents of tea bag susceptible to bacteria and moisture but also result in the faster water infusion which is undesired during tea brewing. In this study, the polylactic acid (PLA)-PLA/sodium alginate (SA)/bromelain (BL) bilayer fiber membrane imitating the asymmetric wetting structure of lotus leaf blades was fabricated to avoid the above disadvantages of commercial tea bag. The PLA/SA/BL skin-core nanofiber membrane which imitating the skin-core structure of lotus leaf stems was first prepared as the hydrophilic and support layer, then a hydrophobic PLA layer was deposited on top via electrospinning. The PLA-PLA/SA/BL bilayer fiber membrane had a breaking strength of 5.5 MPa and started to decompose at 260 °C. Using this bilayer membrane, tea bags were designed with a novel structure where the hydrophobic PLA layer was placed in the same direction. The novel structure endow the those tea bags a slow and directional water transfer property. Therefore, the PLA-PLA/SA/BL bilayer fiber membrane has great potential for applications as tea bags.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 promotes blood-brain barrier recovery after traumatic brain injury.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment and glutamate release are two pathophysiological features of traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to secondary brain damage and neuroinflammation. However, our knowledge of BBB integrity damage and dysfunction are still limited due to the diverse and fluctuating expression of glutamate receptors after trauma. Here, we confirmed the downregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) on microvascular endothelial cell within the acute phase of TBI, and the recovered mGluR5 levels on BBB was positively associated with blood perfusion and neurological recovery. In whole body mGluR5-knockout mice, BBB dysfunction and neurological deficiency were exacerbated after TBI compared with wild type mice. In terms of mechanism, the amino acid sequence 201-259 of cytoskeletal protein Alpha-actinin-1 (ACTN1) interacted with mGluR5, facilitating mGluR5 translocation from cytoplasmic compartment to plasma membrane in endothelial cells. Activation of plasma membrane mGluR5 triggers the PLC/PKCµ/c-Jun signaling pathway, leading to increased expression of the tight junction-actin cytoskeleton connecting protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Our findings uncover a novel mechanism mediated by membrane and cytoplasmic mGluR5 in endothelial cell integrity maintenance and repair, providing the potential therapeutic target for TBI treatment targeting at mGluR5 and mGluR5/ACTN1 complex in BBB.

Guar-based aerogels with oriented lamellar structure and lightweight properties for flame-retardant and thermal insulation.

In this study, a multi-functional guar gum aerogel with the oriented lamellar structure, which introduced sodium silicate (Na2O·nSiO2) and phytic acid (PA) as thermal insulation additives and flame-retardant agents, respectively, was fabricated via freeze drying. Our aerogel's chemical structure, morphology, and thermal and mechanical properties were analyzed. The oriented lamellar structure was attributed to the orientated growth of ice crystals, which was induced by the "silicate-guar, guar-phytate, and phytate-silicate" multiple hydrogen bonds formed between Na2O·nSiO2, PA, and guar gum. The density of the sample with 2 wt% PA could reach 0.0335 g·cm-3, and the porosity was 5 %, along with a specific pore volume of 0.8144 cm3·g-1. The mechanical properties and thermal insulation performed significant differences in the radial and axial direction of the oriented lamella (nearly 100 % resilience while 50 % deformation quantity and 0.0235 W/(m*K) of thermal conductivity in the radial direction, up to 0.079 MPa of compressive strength in the axial direction). The presence of PA attached a good flame-retardant ability to our aerogel (The Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) was 30.77 %). This work provides a novel and promising method for developing anisotropic aerogel with excellent potential in building energy efficiency and flame-retardant.

Free triiodothyronine (FT3)-to-free thyroxine (FT4) ratio identified as a risk factor for gestational diabetes in euthyroid pregnant women: insights from a Chinese population cohort study.

Background: To explore the association between thyroid hormones and gestational diabetes mellitus in euthyroid pregnant women, with the aim of preventing the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 1222 euthyroid pregnant women in their first trimester were recruited at Peking University International Hospital between December 2017 and March 2019. These participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test during the 24-28 weeks of gestation. Results: During early pregnancy, the gestational diabetes mellitus group displayed lower levels of free thyroxine when compared to the non-gestational diabetes mellitus group. Additionally, the ratio of free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine in the gestational diabetes mellitus group during early pregnancy was significantly higher (p<0.05). The ratio of free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine during early pregnancy showed a positive correlation with blood glucose levels at 0, 60, and 120 min both before and after glucose loading (all p<0.05). During early pregnancy, there was a negative relationship between free thyroxine levels and fasting blood glucose. The free triiodothyronine levels were positively correlated to blood glucose levels at 120 min following glucose loading (all p<0.05). Conclusion: The ratio of free triiodothyronine-to-free thyroxine is an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus and has the potential to be a predictor for gestational diabetes mellitus in euthyroid pregnant women.

The impact of frailty evaluation on the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with hip fracture following surgery: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Frailty has been associated with a higher incidence of overall postoperative complications and mortality. However, the influence of frailty on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with hip fracture following surgery remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the above association. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang and CNKI were searched for relevant observational studies comparing the incidence of postoperative VTE in patients of hip fracture with and without frailty. Data collection, literature searching, and statistical analysis were conducted independently by two authors. Using a heterogeneity-incorporating random-effects model, the results were pooled. RESULTS: In this meta-analysis, 9509 patients from nine cohort studies were included. Pooled results showed that compared to those without frailty, patients with frailty at admission had a higher incidence of postoperative VTE (odds ratio [OR]: 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-5.39, p = 0.01; I2 = 66%). Subgroup analysis suggested the association between frailty and postoperative VTE was more remarkable in studies of patients with frailty prevalence < 50% (OR 6.28, 95% CI 3.31-11.90, p < 0.001; I2 = 8%) as compared to those ≥ 50% (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.80-2.11, p = 0.28; I2 = 0%; p for subgroup difference < 0.001). Further meta-analyses showed that frailty at baseline was associated with a higher incidence of deep venous thrombosis (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.33-7.47, p = 0.009; I2 = 59%), but not pulmonary embolism (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.59-2.16, p = 0.72; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: Frailty is associated with a higher incidence of postoperative VTE in patients with hip fracture.

Fallopian canal arachnoid cyst with acute facial nerve paralysis in children: a report of two cases and literature review.

Introduction: Symptoms induced by arachnoid cysts in the fallopian canal are uncommon, and facial nerve paralysis without cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea is comparatively rarer. Methods: Herein, we present two cases of arachnoid cysts in the fallopian canal with acute severe facial nerve paralysis and review the relevant literature. Results: The symptoms and imaging findings of these two cases resembled those of facial nerve schwannomas. Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea occurred upon removal of the arachnoid cyst, and the facial nerve was observed to be separated into multiple filaments or compressed and atrophied. Facial-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis and decompression were conducted after packing the dehiscence of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea for the two cases. Conclusion: Arachnoid cysts of the fallopian canal rarely cause facial nerve paralysis. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is vital for differentiating schwannomas. Different treatment strategies should be adopted for patients with different degrees of facial nerve paralysis; however, concurrent repair of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and facial nerves during surgery can occasionally be challenging.

Comparison and Evaluation of Two Combination Modes of Angiotensin for Establishing Murine Aortic Dissection Models.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a potentially fatal cardiovascular emergency caused by separation of different layers of aortic wall. However, because of limited time window available for clinical research, there is an urgent need for an ideal animal research model. In recent years, the incidence of AD complicated by atherosclerosis has increased with improvements of living standards and changes of eating habits. Accordingly, considering multiple risk factors, we successfully and efficiently established a novel AD model through a high-fat diet combined with chronic angiotensin II (AngII) infusion. Compared with traditional chemical induction model using AngII and ß-aminopropionitrile, our model is more clinically relevant for atherosclerosis-related AD. Moreover, infiltration of neutrophils and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in AD tissues were more significant. In addition to enriching the existing models, the novel model may be a long-term useful tool for more in-depth investigation of AD mechanisms and preclinical therapeutic developments.

Predictive Effects of FT3/FT4 on Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Exploratory Study on Hospitalized Euthyroid Patients with T2DM in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the correlation between the free-triiodothyronine (FT3)-to-free-thyroxine (FT4) ratio (FT3/FT4) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed 1729 patients with T2DM hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, from January 2017 to August 2021, including 1075 males and 654 females. In accordance with the FT3/FT4, the patients were divided into three groups. RESULTS: (1) The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) among the three groups were significantly different, with the low FT3/FT4 group having the highest HbA1c, FBG and PBG among the three groups (F = 39.39, p < 0.01; F = 27.04, p < 0.01; F = 5.76, p = 0.03; respectively). (2) The proportion of DKD is the highest in the low FT3/FT4 group and the lowest in the high FT3/FT4 group (χ2 = 25.83, p < 0.01). (3) Logistic regression showed that low FT3/FT4 were independent risk factors for DKD (OR = 2.36, 95 CI% 1.63, 3.43; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: A decrease in the FT3/FT4 is an independent predictor of DKD occurrence in patients with T2DM.

The effect of Central and peripheral thyroid resistance indices on diabetic retinopathy: a study of hospitalized euthyroid patients with T2DM in China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the correlation between central and peripheral thyroid resistance indices and diabetic retinopathy(DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide a clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed 1249 euthyroid patients with T2DM hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital from January 2017 to June 2022, including 852 males and 397 females, with an average age of 54.73 ± 13.40 years. According to the degree of DR, the patients were divided into three groups including the no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group. RESULTS: Free thymidine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid feedback quantile index (TFQI), thyrotropin-T4 resistance index (TT4RI), thyroid stimulating hormone index (TSHI) and free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) levels among the three groups were significantly different, with the NDR group having lowest TSH, TFQI, TT4QI, TSHI and the highest in the PDR group (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, diabetes duration, blood pressure, blood lipid, HbA1c, lower level of FT4 was an independent risk factor for DR, high level of TSH, TFQI, TSHI and TT4RI were independent risk factors for DR. Central and peripheral thyroid sensitivity indices have predictive value for DR, the overall predictive accuracy of FT3/FT4 was 0.61 (95%CI 0.57, 0.65), the overall predictive accuracy of TFQI was 0.66(95%CI 0.63, 0.70), the overall predictive accuracy of TSHI was 0.66(95%CI 0.62, 0.68), the overall predictive accuracy of TT4RI was 0.63 (95%CI 0.59, 0.66). CONCLUSION: The reduction of central and peripheral thyroid hormone sensitivity is an independent risk factor for DR. These results can help predict the risk of the occurrence and development of DR, which may provide a clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of DR in T2DM patients.

Comparison of bacterial and fungal communities structure and dynamics during chicken manure and pig manure composting.

Composting is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that turns animal waste into organic fertilizers. It remains unclear whether differences exist in the structure of microbial communities during different livestock manure composting. This study analyzed the dynamic change of bacterial and fungal communities, metabolic function, and trophic mode during chicken manure (CM) and pig manure (PM) composting based on 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. Environmental factors were investigated for their impact on microbial communities. During composting, bacterial diversity decreased and then increased, while fungal diversity slightly increased and then decreased. Saccharomonospora and Aspergillus were the dominant genera and key microorganisms in CM and PM, respectively, which played crucial roles in sustaining the stability of the ecological network structure in the microbial ecology and participating in metabolism. Saccharomonospora gradually increased, while Aspergillus increased at first and then decreased. PM had better microbial community stability and more keystone taxa than CM. In CM and PM, the primary function of bacterial communities was metabolism, while saprotroph was the primary trophic mode of fungal communities. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was the primary factor influencing the structure and function of microbial communities in CM and PM. In addition to DOC, pH and moisture were important factors affecting the fungal communities in CM and PM, respectively. These results show that the succession of bacteria and fungi in CM and PM proceeded in a similar pattern, but there are still some differences in the dominant genus and their responses to environmental factors.