Effect of temperature on the occurrence and distribution of colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in China.

Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is the most destructive pest of potato in many countries of the world. It first invaded China from Kazakhstan in 1990s and now is a major pest of potato in many areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the spread of Colorado potato beetle in China after its invasion. Cold temperature in winter (December) and high temperature in summer (July) were analyzed in accordance with the absence and presence of Colorado potato beetle in Xinjiang. The boundary between the absence and presence of Colorado potato beetle in Xinjiang nearly coincided with the -8°C isotherm of monthly mean minimum temperature in winter. The stress of the low temperature in winter for Colorado potato beetle basically disappeared in the southeastern Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province of China, suggesting that the Hexi Corridor is the best channel to prevent any long-distance invasions of Colorado potato beetle into the Central Plains region. However, in Turpan City in northeastern Xinjiang, the extremely hot weather in the summer prevents the local colonization of Colorado potato beetle. Furthermore, according to our monitoring, high temperature in summer also limited Colorado potato beetle to diffuse eastward through Turpan. Results of this study suggest that it is essential to strengthen inspection and quarantine measures to prevent any artificial transmissions of Colorado potato beetle spreading eastward and thus to ensure the sustainable production of potato and other Solanaceae crops in northwest regions of China.

Influence of lymph vascular space invasion on prognosis of patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the past decade, no remarkable improvement has been made in the 5-year survival of cervical cancer patients. This study was to explore the influence of lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI) on the prognosis of patients with early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 111 eligible patients with FIGO stage IB and IIA cervical squamous cell carcinoma underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 1995 and December 2002. The histopathological slides of the 111 patients were reviewed by a senior gynecological pathologist. LVSI, invasion depth, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis were evaluated. RESULTS: LVSI was present in 62 patients. The univariate analysis showed that the risk factors of overall survival (OS) included positive LVSI (P = 0.019) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002), while the risk factors of progression-free survival (PFS) included LVSI (P = 0.029), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002), SccAg value (P = 0.018), invasion depth (P = 0.022) and positive surgical margin (P = 0.002). The multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis was the independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.015), while lymph node metastasis and positive surgical margin were the independent factors of PFS (P = 0.006, P = 0.006). LVSI was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Whether LVSI is an independent prognostic factor of early-stage cervical squamous cell carcinoma cannot be determined currently while LVSI is a risk factor of metastasis and relapse.